6.5——粘包現象與解決方案

簡單遠程執行命令程序開發

是時候用戶socket幹點正事呀，我們來寫一個遠程執行命令的程序，寫一個socket client端在windows端發送指令，一個socket server在Linux端執行命令並返回結果給客戶端

執行命令的話，肯定是用我們學過的subprocess模塊啦，但註意註意註意：

res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.deocde(‘utf-8‘),shell=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE

命令結果的編碼是以當前所在的系統為準的，如果是windows，那麽res.stdout.read()讀出的就是GBK編碼的

ssh server

import socket
import subprocess

ip_port = (‘127.0.0.1‘, 8080)


tcp_socket_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
tcp_socket_server.bind(ip_port)
tcp_socket_server.listen(5)

while True:
    conn, addr = tcp_socket_server.accept()
    print(‘
 
客戶端‘, addr)

    while True:
        cmd = conn.recv(1024)
        if len(cmd) == 0: break
        print("recv cmd",cmd)
        res = subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode(‘utf-8‘), shell=True,
                               stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                               stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                               stderr
 
=subprocess.PIPE)

        stderr = res.stderr.read()
        stdout = res.stdout.read()
        print("res length",len(stdout))
        conn.send(stderr)
        conn.send(stdout)

ssh client

import socket
ip_port = (‘127.0.0.1‘, 8080)

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
res = s.connect_ex(ip_port)

while True:
    msg = input(‘>>: ‘).strip()
    if len(msg) == 0: continue
    if msg == ‘quit‘: break

    s.send(msg.encode(‘utf-8‘))
    act_res = s.recv(1024)

    print(act_res.decode(‘utf-8‘), end=‘‘)

粘包的解決辦法

問題的根源在於，接收端不知道發送端將要傳送的字節流的長度，所以解決粘包的方法就是圍繞，如何讓發送端在發送數據前，把自己將要發送的字節流總大小讓接收端知曉，然後接收端來一個死循環接收完所有數據

普通版

服務器端

import socket,subprocess
ip_port=(‘127.0.0.1‘,8080)
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

s.bind(ip_port)
s.listen(5)

while True:
    conn,addr=s.accept()
    print(‘客戶端‘,addr)
    while True:
        msg=conn.recv(1024)
        if not msg:break
        res=subprocess.Popen(msg.decode(‘utf-8‘),shell=True,                            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        err=res.stderr.read()
        if err:
            ret=err
        else:
            ret=res.stdout.read()
        data_length=len(ret)
        conn.send(str(data_length).encode(‘utf-8‘))
        data=conn.recv(1024).decode(‘utf-8‘)
        if data == ‘recv_ready‘:
            conn.sendall(ret)
    conn.close()

客戶端

import socket,time
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
res=s.connect_ex((‘127.0.0.1‘,8080))

while True:
    msg=input(‘>>: ‘).strip()
    if len(msg) == 0:continue
    if msg == ‘quit‘:break

    s.send(msg.encode(‘utf-8‘))
    length=int(s.recv(1024).decode(‘utf-8‘))
    s.send(‘recv_ready‘.encode(‘utf-8‘))
    send_size=0
    recv_size=0
    data=b‘‘
    while recv_size < length:
        data+=s.recv(1024)
        recv_size+=len(data) #為什麽不直接寫1024？


    print(data.decode(‘utf-8‘))

為何low？

程序的運行速度遠快於網絡傳輸速度，所以在發送一段字節前，先用send去發送該字節流長度，這種方式會放大網絡延遲帶來的性能損耗

剛才上面 在發送消息之前需先發送消息長度給對端，還必須要等對端返回一個ready收消息的確認，不等到對端確認就直接發消息的話，還是會產生粘包問題(承載消息長度的那條消息和消息本身粘在一起)。 有沒有優化的好辦法麽？

文藝版

思考一個問題，為什麽不能在發送了消息長度(稱為消息頭head吧)給對端後，立刻發消息內容(稱為body吧)，是因為怕head 和body 粘在一起，所以通過等對端返回確認來把兩條消息中斷開。

可不可以直接發head + body,但又能讓對端區分出哪個是head，哪個是body呢？我靠、我靠，感覺智商要漲了。

想到了，把head設置成定長的呀，這樣對端只要收消息時，先固定收定長的數據，head裏寫好，後面還有多少是屬於這條消息的數據，然後直接寫個循環收下來不就完了嘛！唉呀媽呀，我真機智。

可是、可是如何制作定長的消息頭呢？假設你有2條消息要發送，第一條消息長度是 3000個字節，第2條消息是200字節。如果消息頭只包含消息長度的話，那兩個消息的消息頭分別是

len(msf1)=4000=4字節
len(msg2)=200=3字節

你的服務端如何完整的收到這個消息頭呢？是recv(3)還是recv(4)服務器端怎麽知道？用盡我所有知識，我只能想到拼接字符串的辦法了，打比方就是設置消息頭固定100字節長，不夠的拿空字符串去拼接。

server

import socket,json
import subprocess

ip_port = (‘127.0.0.1‘, 8080)

tcp_socket_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
tcp_socket_server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #一行代碼搞定，寫在bind之前
tcp_socket_server.bind(ip_port)
tcp_socket_server.listen(5)

def pack_msg_header(header,size):
    bytes_header = bytes(json.dumps(header),encoding="utf-8")
    fill_up_size = size -  len(bytes_header)
    print("need to fill up ",fill_up_size)

    header[‘fill‘] = header[‘fill‘].zfill(fill_up_size)
    print("new header",header)
    bytes_new_header = bytes(bytes(json.dumps(header),encoding="utf-8"))
    return bytes_new_header

while True:
    conn, addr = tcp_socket_server.accept()
    print(‘客戶端‘, addr)

    while True:
        cmd = conn.recv(1024)
        if len(cmd) == 0: break
        print("recv cmd",cmd)
        res = subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode(‘utf-8‘), shell=True,
                               stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                               stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                               stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

        stderr = res.stderr.read()
        stdout = res.stdout.read()
        print("res length",len(stdout))

        msg_header = {
            ‘length‘:len(stdout + stderr),
            ‘fill‘:‘‘
        }
        packed_header = pack_msg_header(msg_header,100)
        print("packed header size",packed_header,len(packed_header))
        conn.send(packed_header)
        conn.send(stdout + stderr)

client

import socket
import json

ip_port = (‘127.0.0.1‘, 8080)

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
res = s.connect_ex(ip_port)

while True:
    msg = input(‘>>: ‘).strip()
    if len(msg) == 0: continue
    if msg == ‘quit‘: break

    s.send(msg.encode(‘utf-8‘))
    response_msg_header = s.recv(100).decode("utf-8")

    response_msg_header_data = json.loads(response_msg_header)
    msg_size = response_msg_header_data[‘length‘]

    res = s.recv(msg_size)
    print("received res size ",len(res))
    print(res.decode(‘utf-8‘), end=‘‘)

文藝版二

為字節流加上自定義固定長度報頭也可以借助第三方模塊struct，用法為

import json,struct
#假設通過客戶端上傳1T:1073741824000的文件a.txt

#為避免粘包,必須自定制報頭
header={‘file_size‘:1073741824000,‘file_name‘:‘/a/b/c/d/e/a.txt‘,‘md5‘:‘8f6fbf8347faa4924a76856701edb0f3‘} #1T數據,文件路徑和md5值

#為了該報頭能傳送,需要序列化並且轉為bytes
head_bytes=bytes(json.dumps(header),encoding=‘utf-8‘) #序列化並轉成bytes,用於傳輸

#為了讓客戶端知道報頭的長度,用struck將報頭長度這個數字轉成固定長度:4個字節
head_len_bytes=struct.pack(‘i‘,len(head_bytes)) #這4個字節裏只包含了一個數字,該數字是報頭的長度

#客戶端開始發送
conn.send(head_len_bytes) #先發報頭的長度,4個bytes
conn.send(head_bytes) #再發報頭的字節格式
conn.sendall(文件內容) #然後發真實內容的字節格式

#服務端開始接收
head_len_bytes=s.recv(4) #先收報頭4個bytes,得到報頭長度的字節格式
x=struct.unpack(‘i‘,head_len_bytes)[0] #提取報頭的長度

head_bytes=s.recv(x) #按照報頭長度x,收取報頭的bytes格式
header=json.loads(json.dumps(header)) #提取報頭

#最後根據報頭的內容提取真實的數據,比如
real_data_len=s.recv(header[‘file_size‘])
s.recv(real_data_len)

使用struct模塊實現方式如下

server

import socket,struct,json
import subprocess
phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它，在bind前加

phone.bind((‘127.0.0.1‘,8080))

phone.listen(5)

while True:
    conn,addr=phone.accept()
    while True:
        cmd=conn.recv(1024)
        if not cmd:break
        print(‘cmd: %s‘ %cmd)

        res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode(‘utf-8‘),
                             shell=True,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        err=res.stderr.read()
        print(err)
        if err:
            back_msg=err
        else:
            back_msg=res.stdout.read()

        headers={‘data_size‘:len(back_msg)}
        head_json=json.dumps(headers)
        head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding=‘utf-8‘)

        conn.send(struct.pack(‘i‘,len(head_json_bytes))) #先發報頭的長度
        conn.send(head_json_bytes) #再發報頭
        conn.sendall(back_msg) #在發真實的內容

    conn.close()

client

from socket import *
import struct,json

ip_port=(‘127.0.0.1‘,8080)
client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(ip_port)

while True:
    cmd=input(‘>>: ‘)
    if not cmd:continue
    client.send(bytes(cmd,encoding=‘utf-8‘))

    head=client.recv(4) #先收4個bytes，這裏4個bytes裏包含了報頭的長度
    head_json_len=struct.unpack(‘i‘,head)[0] #解出報頭的長度
    head_json=json.loads(client.recv(head_json_len).decode(‘utf-8‘)) #拿到報頭
    data_len=head_json[‘data_size‘] #取出報頭內包含的信息

    #開始收數據
    recv_size=0
    recv_data=b‘‘
    while recv_size < data_len:
        recv_data+=client.recv(1024)
        recv_size+=len(recv_data)

    print(recv_data.decode(‘utf-8‘))

6.6——通過socket發送文件

通過socket收發文件軟件開發

1、客戶端提交命令


2、服務端接收命令，解析，執行下載文件的方法，即以讀的方式打開文件，for循環讀出文件的一行行內容，然後send給客戶端


3、客戶端以寫的方式打開文件，將接收的內容寫入文件中

參照上一小節文藝青年實現版二，示範代碼如下

服務端實現

import socket
import struct
import json
import subprocess
import os

class MYTCPServer:
    address_family = socket.AF_INET

    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM

    allow_reuse_address = False

    max_packet_size = 8192

    coding=‘utf-8‘

    request_queue_size = 5

    server_dir=‘file_upload‘

    def __init__(self, server_address, bind_and_activate=True):
        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
        self.server_address=server_address
        self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
                                    self.socket_type)
        if bind_and_activate:
            try:
                self.server_bind()
                self.server_activate()
            except:
                self.server_close()
                raise

    def server_bind(self):
        """Called by constructor to bind the socket.
        """
        if self.allow_reuse_address:
            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
        self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()

    def server_activate(self):
        """Called by constructor to activate the server.
        """
        self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)

    def server_close(self):
        """Called to clean-up the server.
        """
        self.socket.close()

    def get_request(self):
        """Get the request and client address from the socket.
        """
        return self.socket.accept()

    def close_request(self, request):
        """Called to clean up an individual request."""
        request.close()

    def run(self):
        while True:
            self.conn,self.client_addr=self.get_request()
            print(‘from client ‘,self.client_addr)
            while True:
                try:
                    head_struct = self.conn.recv(4)
                    if not head_struct:break

                    head_len = struct.unpack(‘i‘, head_struct)[0]
                    head_json = self.conn.recv(head_len).decode(self.coding)
                    head_dic = json.loads(head_json)

                    print(head_dic)
                    #head_dic={‘cmd‘:‘put‘,‘filename‘:‘a.txt‘,‘filesize‘:123123}
                    cmd=head_dic[‘cmd‘]
                    if hasattr(self,cmd):
                        func=getattr(self,cmd)
                        func(head_dic)
                except Exception:
                    break

    def put(self,args):
        file_path=os.path.normpath(os.path.join(
            self.server_dir,
            args[‘filename‘]
        ))

        filesize=args[‘filesize‘]
        recv_size=0
        print(‘----->‘,file_path)
        with open(file_path,‘wb‘) as f:
            while recv_size < filesize:
                recv_data=self.conn.recv(self.max_packet_size)
                f.write(recv_data)
                recv_size+=len(recv_data)
                print(‘recvsize:%s filesize:%s‘ %(recv_size,filesize))


tcpserver1=MYTCPServer((‘127.0.0.1‘,8080))

tcpserver1.run()

客戶端

import socket
import struct
import json
import os



class MYTCPClient:
    address_family = socket.AF_INET

    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM

    allow_reuse_address = False

    max_packet_size = 8192

    coding=‘utf-8‘

    request_queue_size = 5

    def __init__(self, server_address, connect=True):
        self.server_address=server_address
        self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
                                    self.socket_type)
        if connect:
            try:
                self.client_connect()
            except:
                self.client_close()
                raise

    def client_connect(self):
        self.socket.connect(self.server_address)

    def client_close(self):
        self.socket.close()

    def run(self):
        while True:
            inp=input(">>: ").strip()
            if not inp:continue
            l=inp.split()
            cmd=l[0]
            if hasattr(self,cmd):
                func=getattr(self,cmd)
                func(l)


    def put(self,args):
        cmd=args[0]
        filename=args[1]
        if not os.path.isfile(filename):
            print(‘file:%s is not exists‘ %filename)
            return
        else:
            filesize=os.path.getsize(filename)

        head_dic={‘cmd‘:cmd,‘filename‘:os.path.basename(filename),‘filesize‘:filesize}
        print(head_dic)
        head_json=json.dumps(head_dic)
        head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding=self.coding)

        head_struct=struct.pack(‘i‘,len(head_json_bytes))
        self.socket.send(head_struct)
        self.socket.send(head_json_bytes)
        send_size=0
        with open(filename,‘rb‘) as f:
            for line in f:
                self.socket.send(line)
                send_size+=len(line)
                print(send_size)
            else:
                print(‘upload successful‘)




client=MYTCPClient((‘127.0.0.1‘,8080))

client.run()

第六章 網絡編程-SOCKET開發——續2