阿里雲CentOS7.3RPM方式安裝MySQL以及配置遠端連線
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-04
- 1. 下載Mysql安裝包
- 2. 解除安裝阿里映象自帶的MariaDB資料庫
- 3. 解壓安裝下載的Mysql資料庫
- *4. 環境配置
1.下載MySQL安裝包
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ 官方網址，根據自己需求下載對應版本
這裡以該版本mysql-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar為例。下載完成後，上傳到伺服器。
2.解除安裝阿里映象自帶的MariaDB資料庫
阿里雲的CentOS7已經預設安裝MariaDB，並且yum伺服器上也移除了MySQL相關的軟體包。所以MariaDB和MySQL可能會衝突，所以想安裝mysql先解除安裝MariaDB。
命令如下：
[root@aliyun /]# rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@aliyun /]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
注意版本號與自己rpm -qa 查詢出來的應一致。
3.解壓安裝下載的Mysql資料庫
首先進入你存放MySQL的tar壓縮包的資料夾，例如我的就是/usr/local/mysoft/mysql下
然後執行解壓縮命令tar -xvf +”你下載的MySQL版本號”，一般直接用Tab鍵自動補全；解壓完檔案列表如下：
[[email protected] mysoft]# cd mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# ll
total 584508
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 25253600 Jun 11 11:21 mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 280860 Jun 11 11:21 mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 3806132 接下來執行安裝步驟，注意順序，rpm彼此之間有依賴順序
[root@aliyun mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@aliyun mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@aliyun mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@aliyun mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.e################################# [100%]
注意上面這步如果沒有成功，並提示下面錯誤：
[[email protected] mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64
說明缺少依賴，yum安裝一下就好。
[[email protected] mysql]# yum install libaio
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base
epel
extras
updates
.........................
不重要的省略
.........................
Total download size: 24 k
Installed size: 38 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
..............
Installed:
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7
Complete! 出現Complete表示成功，重新執行上一步安裝步驟即可。
最後一步：
[root@aliyun mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]
至此，資料庫安裝結束，只需要做一些配置就可以遠端連線並訪問。
4 環境配置
初始化，以為我是root許可權下安裝的，所以我需要給他指定一個mysql名字，通過mysql以後來啟動他，當然你也可以不加
[[email protected] mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql–initialize 選項預設以“安全”模式來初始化，則會為 root 使用者生成一個密碼並將該密碼標記為過期，登陸後你需要設定一個新的密碼.並且MySQL5.7之後安裝時都會先生成一個隨機密碼，使用者通過這個隨機密碼登陸到MySQL後需要手動設定新密碼，不然無法使用
檢視隨機密碼
[[email protected] mysql]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-08-20T07:41:33.792409Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see
2018-08-20T07:41:34.847754Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-08-20T07:41:34.965166Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-08-20T07:41:35.028625Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generati
2018-08-20T07:41:35.030883Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-08-20T07:41:35.031929Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: rwgIn=gha3i2 ---> 這就是那個隨機密碼位置。記住
2018-08-20T07:42:06.800658Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see
2018-08-20T07:42:06.802457Z 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.23) starting as process 23831 ...
2018-08-20T07:42:06.806443Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
2018-08-20T07:42:06.806470Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2018-08-20T07:42:06.806475Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
設定開機啟動並檢視是否成功
[root@aliyun mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@aliyun mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@aliyun mysql]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld
enabled
然後登陸MySQL並修改密碼，設定遠端登陸
[[email protected] mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23
修改密碼，這裡我將密碼設定成123456
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
設定遠端登陸的賬號以及密碼，這裡我設定的遠端登陸名字是test，密碼是test123.
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'test' @'%' identified by 'test123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
至此，結束。你可以使用資料庫連線工具連線你的阿里雲的資料庫了，如果連線不上，考慮防火牆問題，比如埠號是否開啟，注意阿里雲的埠號不僅需要在你的雲主機Linux中設定，還要在阿里雲的控制檯裡面的安全組配置。