linux系統下安裝mysql數據庫(mysql-5.7)
前言:
本文主要介紹如何在linux系統下安裝mysql數據庫及安裝時遇到各種問題該如何解決;
本次安裝使用的linux系統是centos,數據庫版本是mysql-5.7。
一、安裝前準備
root用戶登錄只linux服務器,在根目錄下新建數據庫安裝目錄 /software/mysql;數據庫文件數據位置:/data/mysql(可以根據自己的習慣創建)
然後從oracle官網上下載mysql安裝包;可以在自己電腦上先下載再上傳到linux服務上,如果linux服務器可以訪問外網,也可以直接使用wget命令下載,
將數據庫安裝原文件放過在/software文件夾下面,(/software/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz)
wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
安裝文件準備好後將壓縮包解壓並重命名
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv /software/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /software/mysql
創建mysql用戶組和mysql用戶
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
關聯myql用戶到mysql用戶組中
chown -R mysql:mysql /software/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql /software/mysql/
chown -R mysql /data/mysql
更改mysql安裝文件夾mysql/的權限
chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/
安裝libaio依賴包
首先查詢是否已經安裝了libaio包,(yum search libaio),如果已經安裝了就不需要安裝,若未安裝 (yum install libaio)
二、數據庫安裝
初始化mysql
cd /software/mysql/bin
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize
上面這條命令執行完特別註意一下提示:
[Note] A
temporary
password
is
generated
for
root@localhost: o*s#gqh)F4Ck
其中“o*s#gqh)F4Ck”是數據庫root用戶首次登陸的臨時密碼;
如果出現error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared objec錯誤是因為libnuma安裝的是32位的,而當前系統是64位的,
則可以執行yum install numactl.x86_64命令,完後重新初始化mysql命令
啟動mysql服務
啟動服務之前先修改mysql配置文件
首先修改mysql.server文件
vim /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
將該文件中的“/usr/local”全部替換為“/software”
然後再修改my.cnf文件
#vi /etc/my.cnf
將下面內容復制替換當前的my.cnf文件中的內容
[client]
no-beep
socket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock
# pipe
# socket=0.0
port=3306
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
basedir=/software/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
port=3306
pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid
#skip-grant-tables
skip-name-resolve
socket = /software/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
# Server Id.
server-id=1
max_connections=2000
query_cache_size=0
table_open_cache=2000
tmp_table_size=246M
thread_cache_size=300
#限定用於每個數據庫線程的棧大小。默認設置足以滿足大多數應用
thread_stack = 192k
key_buffer_size=512M
read_buffer_size=4M
read_rnd_buffer_size=32M
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
innodb_log_file_size=128M
innodb_thread_concurrency=128
innodb_autoextend_increment=1000
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_open_files=300
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
back_log=80
flush_time=0
join_buffer_size=128M
max_allowed_packet=1024M
max_connect_errors=2000
open_files_limit=4161
query_cache_type=0
sort_buffer_size=32M
table_definition_cache=1400
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
sync_master_info=10000
sync_relay_log=10000
sync_relay_log_info=10000
#批量插入數據緩存大小,可以有效提高插入效率,默認為8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
log-bin-trust-function-creators=1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLE
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
保存退出
然後再執行啟動命令
sh /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
若未修改配置文件就啟動會報以下錯誤:
./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command
not
found
./support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/
local
/mysql:
No
such file
or
directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn‘t find MySQL server (/usr/
local
/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
啟動mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
新版本的安裝包可能會提示以下錯誤信息
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/data/mysql/SZY.err‘.
2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).
這是因為新版本的mysql只認/usr/local/mysql這個路徑
可以修改mysql_safe文件
vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
將所有的/usr/local/mysql改為/software/mysql
登錄mysql
/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p
輸入初始化mysql時生成的臨時密碼, for
root@localhost: o*s#gqh)F4Ck
修改登錄密碼
mysql set password=password(‘root‘);
mysql grant all privileges on *.* to root@‘%‘ identified by ‘root‘;
mysql flush privileges;
完成,此時mysql的登錄名和密碼都是root。
三、安裝問題解決
1、初始化生成的臨時密碼忘記了無法登錄
停止mysql服務,刪除/data/mysql文件夾下的文件,重新執行初始化命令;會重新生成一個臨時密碼。
2、啟動mysql服務時提示my.cnf文件無法找到
linux系統下安裝mysql數據庫(mysql-5.7)