NET使用NPOI元件將資料匯出Excel-通用方法 【推薦】
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-02-14
一、Excel匯入及匯出問題產生:
從接觸.net到現在一直在維護一個DataTable匯出到Excel的類,時不時還會維護一個匯入類。以下是時不時就會出現的問題: 匯出問題: 如果是asp.net,你得在伺服器端裝Office,幾百M呢,還得及時更新它,以防漏洞,還得設定許可權允許ASP.net訪問COM+,聽說如果匯出過程中出問題可能導致伺服器宕機。 Excel會把只包含數字的列進行型別轉換,本來是文字型的,它非要把你轉成數值型的,像身份證後三位變成000,編號000123會變成123,夠智慧吧,夠鬱悶吧。不過這些都還是可以變通解決的,在他們前邊加上一個字母,讓他們不只包含數字。 匯出時,如果你的欄位內容以"-"或"="開頭,Excel好像把它當成了公式什麼的,接下來就出錯,提示:類似,儲存到Sheet1的問題 匯入問題:二、使用第三方開源元件匯入及匯出Excel的解決方案:
偶然間發現了NPOI與MyXls,相見恨晚,害的我在Excel上浪費了那麼多時間,他們倆的好處是:就是.net的自定義類庫,可以直接對Excel進行讀或寫,而不依賴Office 的 Excel,這不管對於ASP.net或Winform都非常有利,不用擔心Excel程序的釋放問題,伺服器安全,設定,匯出,匯入“Excel智慧識別”,公式日期等問題,可以說以前的Excel問題,全都不用管了,它們可以很好的幫你解決,NPOI || MyXls == 研究幾年Excel。三、下面來兩個簡單入門例子:
/// <summary> /// MyXls簡單Demo,快速入門程式碼 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource"></param> /// <param name="strFileName"></param> /// <remarks>MyXls認為Excel的第一個單元格是:(1,1)</remarks> public static void ExportEasy(DataTable dtSource, string strFileName) { XlsDocument xlsNPOI 快速入門例子:= new XlsDocument(); Worksheet sheet = xls.Workbook.Worksheets.Add("Sheet1"); //填充表頭 foreach (DataColumn col in dtSource.Columns) { sheet.Cells.Add(1, col.Ordinal + 1, col.ColumnName); } //填充內容 for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { sheet.Cells.Add(i + 2, j + 1, dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()); } } //儲存 xls.FileName = strFileName; xls.Save(); }
/// <summary> /// NPOI簡單Demo,快速入門程式碼 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource"></param> /// <param name="strFileName"></param> /// <remarks>NPOI認為Excel的第一個單元格是:(0,0)</remarks> public static void ExportEasy(DataTable dtSource, string strFileName) { HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); //填充表頭 HSSFRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName); } //填充內容 for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(i + 1); for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { dataRow.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()); } } //儲存 using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)) { workbook.Write(fs); } } workbook.Dispose(); }
四、接下來是封裝的可以用在實際專案中的類,實現的功能有(僅NPOI):
- 支援web及winform從DataTable匯出到Excel。
- 生成速度很快。
- 準確判斷資料型別,不會出現身份證轉數值等上面提到的一系列問題。
- 如果單頁條數大於65535時會新建工作表。
- 列寬自適應。
- 支援讀取Excel。
- 呼叫方便,只一呼叫一個靜態類就OK了。
- 因為測試期間發現MyXls匯出速度要比NPOI慢3倍,而NPOI既能滿足我們的匯出需求,又能很好的滿足我們的匯入需求,所以只針對NPOI進行全方位功能實現及優化。
NPOI操作類 using System; using System.Data; using System.Configuration; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.IO; using System.Text; using NPOI; using NPOI.HPSF; using NPOI.HSSF; using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; using NPOI.HSSF.Util; using NPOI.POIFS; using NPOI.Util; namespace SNF.Utilities { public class NPOIHelper { /// <summary> /// DataTable匯出到Excel檔案 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param> /// <param name="strHeaderText">表頭文字</param> /// <param name="strFileName">儲存位置</param> public static void Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string strFileName) { using (MemoryStream ms = Export(dtSource, strHeaderText)) { using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)) { byte[] data = ms.ToArray(); fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length); fs.Flush(); } } } /// <summary> /// DataTable匯出到Excel的MemoryStream /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param> /// <param name="strHeaderText">表頭文字</param> public static MemoryStream Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText) { HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); #region 右擊檔案 屬性資訊 { DocumentSummaryInformation dsi = PropertySetFactory.CreateDocumentSummaryInformation(); dsi.Company = "NPOI"; workbook.DocumentSummaryInformation = dsi; SummaryInformation si = PropertySetFactory.CreateSummaryInformation(); si.Author = "檔案作者資訊"; //填加xls檔案作者資訊 si.ApplicationName = "建立程式資訊"; //填加xls檔案建立程式資訊 si.LastAuthor = "最後儲存者資訊"; //填加xls檔案最後儲存者資訊 si.Comments = "作者資訊"; //填加xls檔案作者資訊 si.Title = "標題資訊"; //填加xls檔案標題資訊 si.Subject = "主題資訊";//填加檔案主題資訊 si.CreateDateTime = DateTime.Now; workbook.SummaryInformation = si; } #endregion HSSFCellStyle dateStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); HSSFDataFormat format = workbook.CreateDataFormat(); dateStyle.DataFormat = format.GetFormat("yyyy-mm-dd"); //取得列寬 int[] arrColWidth = new int[dtSource.Columns.Count]; foreach (DataColumn item in dtSource.Columns) { arrColWidth[item.Ordinal] = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(item.ColumnName.ToString()).Length; } for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { int intTemp = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()).Length; if (intTemp > arrColWidth[j]) { arrColWidth[j] = intTemp; } } } int rowIndex = 0; foreach (DataRow row in dtSource.Rows) { #region 新建表,填充表頭,填充列頭,樣式 if (rowIndex == 65535 || rowIndex == 0) { if (rowIndex != 0) { sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); } #region 表頭及樣式 { HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); headerRow.HeightInPoints = 25; headerRow.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue(strHeaderText); HSSFCellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); headStyle.Alignment = CellHorizontalAlignment.CENTER; HSSFFont font = workbook.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 20; font.Boldweight = 700; headStyle.SetFont(font); headerRow.GetCell(0).CellStyle = headStyle; sheet.AddMergedRegion(new Region(0, 0, 0, dtSource.Columns.Count - 1)); headerRow.Dispose(); } #endregion #region 列頭及樣式 { HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(1); HSSFCellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); headStyle.Alignment = CellHorizontalAlignment.CENTER; HSSFFont font = workbook.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 10; font.Boldweight = 700; headStyle.SetFont(font); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName); headerRow.GetCell(column.Ordinal).CellStyle = headStyle; //設定列寬 sheet.SetColumnWidth(column.Ordinal, (arrColWidth[column.Ordinal] + 1) * 256); } headerRow.Dispose(); } #endregion rowIndex = 2; } #endregion #region 填充內容 HSSFRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { HSSFCell newCell = dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal); string drValue = row[column].ToString(); switch (column.DataType.ToString()) { case "System.String"://字串型別 newCell.SetCellValue(drValue); break; case "System.DateTime"://日期型別 DateTime dateV; DateTime.TryParse(drValue, out dateV); newCell.SetCellValue(dateV); newCell.CellStyle = dateStyle;//格式化顯示 break; case "System.Boolean"://布林型 bool boolV = false; bool.TryParse(drValue, out boolV); newCell.SetCellValue(boolV); break; case "System.Int16"://整型 case "System.Int32": case "System.Int64": case "System.Byte": int intV = 0; int.TryParse(drValue, out intV); newCell.SetCellValue(intV); break; case "System.Decimal"://浮點型 case "System.Double": double doubV = 0; double.TryParse(drValue, out doubV); newCell.SetCellValue(doubV); break; case "System.DBNull"://空值處理 newCell.SetCellValue(""); break; default: newCell.SetCellValue(""); break; } } #endregion rowIndex++; } using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { workbook.Write(ms); ms.Flush(); ms.Position = 0; sheet.Dispose(); //workbook.Dispose();//一般只用寫這一個就OK了,他會遍歷並釋放所有資源,但當前版本有問題所以只釋放sheet return ms; } } /// <summary> /// 用於Web匯出 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param> /// <param name="strHeaderText">表頭文字</param> /// <param name="strFileName">檔名</param> public static void ExportByWeb(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string strFileName) { HttpContext curContext = HttpContext.Current; // 設定編碼和附件格式 curContext.Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel"; curContext.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; curContext.Response.Charset = ""; curContext.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(strFileName, Encoding.UTF8)); curContext.Response.BinaryWrite(Export(dtSource, strHeaderText).GetBuffer()); curContext.Response.End(); } /// <summary>讀取excel /// 預設第一行為標頭 /// </summary> /// <param name="strFileName">excel文件路徑</param> /// <returns></returns> public static DataTable Import(string strFileName) { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook; using (FileStream file = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)) { hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file); } HSSFSheet sheet = hssfworkbook.GetSheetAt(0); System.Collections.IEnumerator rows = sheet.GetRowEnumerator(); HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++) { HSSFCell cell = headerRow.GetCell(j); dt.Columns.Add(cell.ToString()); } for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= sheet.LastRowNum; i++) { HSSFRow row = sheet.GetRow(i); DataRow dataRow = dt.NewRow(); for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++) { if (row.GetCell(j) != null) dataRow[j] = row.GetCell(j).ToString(); } dt.Rows.Add(dataRow); } return dt; } } }
五、NPOI操作類的呼叫方法
DataTable dt_Grade = Tools.Data.GetDataTable(strSQL);
filename += "績效考核結果分數統計表";
PMS.Common.NPOIHelper.ExportByWeb(dt_Grade, filename, filename+".xls");
六、效果展示
七、NPOI類庫下載:
資訊來源:http://www.cnblogs.com/yongfa365/archive/2010/05/10/NPOI-MyXls-DataTable-To-Excel-From-Excel.html