【Oracle】詳解Oracle中NLS_LANG變量的使用
目錄結構：
contents structure [-]
- 關於NLS_LANG參數
- NSL_LANG常用的值
- 在MS-DOS模式和Batch模式中設置NLS_LANG
- 註冊表中NLS_LANG和系統環境變量中的NLS_LANG
- 參考文章
1，關於NLS_LANG參數
Oracle provides Globalization Support that enables users to interact with a database in their own language, as defined by the NLS_LANG
NLS_LANG parameter in the registry.
The locale setting of your operating system determines the value of the NLS_LANG parameter at installation. Table C-1 lists the operating system locale and NLS_LANG
The NLS_LANG parameter is stored in the registry under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOMEID\NLS_LANG subkey, where ID is the unique number identifying the Oracle home.
The NLS_LANG parameter uses the following format:
NLS_LANG = LANGUAGE_TERRITORY.CHARACTER_SET
Oracle提供全球化的支持，通過定義NLS_LANG參數能夠讓用戶用他們自己的語言使用數據庫。當安裝Oracle數據庫客戶端的時候，安裝程序通常會在註冊表中設置NLS_LANG參數。
NLS_LANG參數被存儲在註冊表中的HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOMEID\NLS_LANG子項下，其中ID是識別Oracle home的唯一數字。
NLS_LANG參數使用如下的格式：
NLS_LANG = LANGUAGE_TERRITORY.CHARACTER_SET
where:
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
LANGUAGE |
Specifies the language and conventions for displaying messages, day name, and month name. |
TERRITORY |
Specifies the territory and conventions for calculating week and day numbers. |
CHARACTER_SET |
Controls the character set used for displaying messages. |
2 NSL_LANG常用的值
Table C-1 lists commonly used NLS_LANG values for various operating system locales:
Table C-1 NLS_LANG Parameter Values
| Operating System Locale | NLS_LANG Value |
|---|---|
| Arabic (U.A.E.) | ARABIC_UNITED ARAB EMIRATES.AR8MSWIN1256 |
| Bulgarian | BULGARIAN_BULGARIA.CL8MSWIN1251 |
| Catalan | CATALAN_CATALONIA.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Chinese (PRC) | SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK |
| Chinese (Taiwan) | TRADITIONAL CHINESE_TAIWAN.ZHT16MSWIN950 |
| Croatian | CROATIAN_CROATIA.EE8MSWIN1250 |
| Czech | CZECH_CZECH REPUBLIC.EE8MSWIN1250 |
| Danish | DANISH_DENMARK.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Dutch (Netherlands) | DUTCH_THE NETHERLANDS.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| English (United Kingdom) | ENGLISH_UNITED KINGDOM.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| English (United States) | AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Estonian | ESTONIAN_ESTONIA.BLT8MSWIN1257 |
| Finnish | FINNISH_FINLAND.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| French (Canada) | CANADIAN FRENCH_CANADA.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| French (France) | FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| German (Germany) | GERMAN_GERMANY.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Greek | GREEK_GREECE.EL8MSWIN1253 |
| Hebrew | HEBREW_ISRAEL.IW8MSWIN1255 |
| Hungarian | HUNGARIAN_HUNGARY.EE8MSWIN1250 |
| Icelandic | ICELANDIC_ICELAND.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Indonesian | INDONESIAN_INDONESIA.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Italian (Italy) | ITALIAN_ITALY.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Japanese | JAPANESE_JAPAN.JA16SJIS |
| Korean | KOREAN_KOREA.KO16MSWIN949 |
| Latvian | LATVIAN_LATVIA.BLT8MSWIN1257 |
| Lithuanian | LITHUANIAN_LITHUANIA.BLT8MSWIN1257 |
| Norwegian | NORWEGIAN_NORWAY.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Polish | POLISH_POLAND.EE8MSWIN1250 |
| Portuguese (Brazil) | BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE_BRAZIL.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Portuguese (Portugal) | PORTUGUESE_PORTUGAL.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Romanian | ROMANIAN_ROMANIA.EE8MSWIN1250 |
| Russian | RUSSIAN_CIS.CL8MSWIN1251 |
| Slovak | SLOVAK_SLOVAKIA.EE8MSWIN1250 |
| Spanish (Spain) | SPANISH_SPAIN.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Swedish | SWEDISH_SWEDEN.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Thai | THAI_THAILAND.TH8TISASCII |
| Spanish (Mexico) | MEXICAN SPANISH_MEXICO.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Spanish (Venezuela) | LATIN AMERICAN SPANISH_VENEZUELA.WE8MSWIN1252 |
| Turkish | TURKISH_TURKEY.TR8MSWIN1254 |
| Ukrainian | UKRAINIAN_UKRAINE.CL8MSWIN1251 |
| Vietnamese | VIETNAMESE_VIETNAM.VN8MSWIN1258 |
3 在MS-DOS模式和Batch模式中設置NLS_LANG
Before you can use Oracle utilities such as SQL*Plus, SQL Loader, Import, and Export in MS-DOS mode, make sure that you have set the character set field of the NLS_LANG parameter for the session to the correct value.
This is required because MS-DOS mode uses, with a few exceptions, a different character set (or code-page) from Windows (ANSI code-page), and the default Oracle home NLS_LANG parameter in the registry is always set to the appropriate Windows code-page. If you do not set the NLS_LANG parameter for the MS-DOS mode session correctly, incorrect character conversion can corrupt error messages and data.
For Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese, the MS-DOS code-page is identical to the ANSI code-page. In this case, you do not need to set the NLS_LANG parameter in MS-DOS mode.
Similarly, in batch mode, set the correct character set value of NLS_LANG by inserting a SET NLS_LANG command at the start of the batch procedure, according to the character set of the files to be processed in the procedure.
在你使用Oracle應用之前，比如在MS-DOS模式中使用SQL*Plus,SQL Loader,Import,和Export，確保你已經在本次會話中正確的設置了字符集屬性和NLS_LANG參數屬性。
這是必須的，因為MS-DOS模式的使用會帶有一些的來著Windows(ANSI code-page)的不同字符集設置的異常，在註冊表中默認的Oracle home NLS_LANG參數總是會被設置成適合Windows code-page的值。
如果你在MS-DOS模式中不正確的設置NLS_LANG參數的值，那麽錯誤的字符轉換將會損壞信息和數據。
對於日文，韓文，簡體中文和繁體中文，MS—DOS code-page 和ANSI code-page的值一樣。在這種情況下，你不需要在MS-DOS模式中設置NLS_LANG參數的值。
同樣的，在Batch模式中，根據程序運行過程中被處理的文件字符，通過插入SET LANG_LANG 命令設置正確的NLS_LANG值。
Table C-2 lists the Oracle character sets that correspond to the MS-DOS mode for various operating system locales:
Table C-2 Oracle Character Sets for Operating System Locales
| Operating System Locale | Character Set |
|---|---|
| Catalan | WE8PC850 |
| Chinese (PRC) | ZHS16GBK |
| Chinese (Taiwan) | ZHT16MSWIN950 |
| Czech | EE8PC852 |
| Danish | WE8PC850 |
| Dutch | WE8PC850 |
| English (United Kingdom) | WE8PC850 |
| English (United States) | US8PC437 |
| Finnish | WE8PC850 |
| French | WE8PC850 |
| German | WE8PC850 |
| Greek | EL8PC737 |
| Hungarian | EE8PC852 |
| Italian | WE8PC850 |
| Japanese | JA16SJIS |
| Korean | KO16MSWIN949 |
| Norwegian | WE8PC850 |
| Polish | EE8PC852 |
| Portuguese | WE8PC850 |
| Romanian | EE8PC852 |
| Russian | RU8PC866 |
| Slovak | EE8PC852 |
| Slovenian | EE8PC852 |
| Spanish | WE8PC850 |
| Swedish | WE8PC850 |
| Turkish | TR8PC857 |
| Catalan | WE8PC850 |
4，註冊表中NLS_LANG和系統環境變量中的NLS_LANG
當用戶安裝好Oracle客戶端後會在註冊表中出現NLS_LANG的註冊信息，在操作系統的環境變量中用戶也可以設置自己的NLS_LANG的值。
但是需要註意：
註冊表中的NLS_LANG是用於對應Oracle數據庫與windows 的code-page值的，這個值是在安裝的過程中自動添加的，一般不要去修改，如果修改後NLS_LANG的值與code-page的值不對應的話，會出現不同字符的異常。
系統環境變臉中NLS_LANG是用於對應Oracle數據顯示的，這個值在安裝完成後可能會有，也可能沒有，是可以修改的，如果希望以中文顯示則修改為 NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK ，也可以是英文的 NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 ，建議在使用Oracle數據庫之間將這裏的NLS_LANG設置為英文顯示。
5，參考文章
C Oracle Database Client Globalization Support
【Oracle】詳解Oracle中NLS_LANG變量的使用