我們自己用java寫接口自動化測試框架或者做個接口自動化測試平臺的話,是需要自己進行相關的請求的,因此我們需要簡單的封裝下httpclient,我新建了一個http工具類,將get方法和post方法進行了一個簡單的封裝。

如果是開發的話,比如APP開發,無論是iOS還是Android,是需要將數據請求進行十分嚴密的封裝的,因為需要對各種網絡狀態,請求狀態做相應的判斷處理,因為需要通過這些判斷來做出相應的UI交互界面來給用戶提示,那麽我們做接口測試的話是不需要這麽嚴密的,因為測試的前提就是要保證測試環境的穩定,我們只考慮接口在正常的訪問下通過對傳參的各種控制來判斷接口是否做出了正確的數據傳輸。

前幾篇已經記錄下了簡單的HTTPClient的get和post請求,下面是對它們進行了個簡單的封裝,使之更容易被我們使用

package com.httpclientget;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpUtil {

	//連接池
	private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionMgr;
	//超時時間
	private static final int MAX_TIMEOUT = 7000;
	
	private static RequestConfig requestConfig;
	static{
		//設置連接池
		connectionMgr = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
		//設置連接池大小
		connectionMgr.setMaxTotal(100);
		connectionMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(connectionMgr.getMaxTotal());
		
		RequestConfig.Builder configBuilder = RequestConfig.custom();
		//設置連接超時
		configBuilder.setConnectTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
		//設置讀取超時
		configBuilder.setSocketTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
		//設置從連接池獲取連接實例的超時
		configBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);

		requestConfig = configBuilder.build();
		
	}
	/**
	 *   GET 請求       帶輸入參數
	 * @param Url      請求host地址
	 * @param params   參數
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String httpGet(String Url,Map<String, Object>params)
	{
		//返回結果
		String result = null;
		//拼接url
		StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(Url);
		if (Url.contains("?")) {
			builder.append("&");
		}else{
			builder.append("?");
		}
		int i=0;
		for (String key : params.keySet()) {
			if (i != 0 ) {
				builder.append("&");
			}
			builder.append(key);
			builder.append("=");
			builder.append(params.get(key));

			i++;
		}
		String apiUrl = builder.toString();
		//創建client
		HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
		
		try {
			HttpGet get = new HttpGet(apiUrl);
			HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
			//獲取請求狀態碼
			int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
			System.out.println(statusCode);
			
			HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
			if (entity != null) {
				result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return result;
	}
	/**
	 *   POST 請求 
	 * @param url             請求url
	 * @param params          post提交參數
	 * @return                
	 */
	public static String httpPost(String url,Map<String, Object>params)
	{
		HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
		String result = null;
		try {
			HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
			//添加post提交參數
			ArrayList<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
		    for(Map.Entry<String, Object> entry:params.entrySet())
		    {
		    	NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString());
		    	pairList.add(pair);
		    }
		    
		    post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList,"UTF-8"));
		    
		    HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
		    //獲取狀態碼
		    int statueCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
		    System.out.println(statueCode);
		    
		    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
		    if (entity != null) {
				result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
			}
		    
		} catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return result;
	}
}

做個簡單的測試:

               HttpUtil util = new HttpUtil();
		Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		params.put("q", "good");
		params.put("salt", "1496238482428");
		params.put("sign", "02E15CDAF871B698FE04EE32FD2CF155");
		params.put("from", "en");
		params.put("appKey", "7743eee7f7e11d75");
		params.put("to", "zh-CHS");

		String result = util.httpPost(urlStr, params);
		System.out.println(result);

輸出結果:

{
    "tSpeakUrl": "https://dict.youdao.com/dictvoice?audio=%E5%A5%BD&le=auto&channel=7743eee7f7e11d75&rate=4",
    "web": [
        {
            "value": [
                "好",
                "善",
                "商品"
            ],
            "key": "Good"
        },
        {
            "value": [
                "公共物品",
                "公益事業",
                "公共財"
            ],
            "key": "public good"
        },
        {
            "value": [
                "幹的出色",
                "幹得好",
                "好工作"
            ],
            "key": "Good Job"
        }
    ],
    "query": "good",
    "translation": [
        "好"
    ],
    "errorCode": "0",
    "basic": {
        "us-phonetic": "ɡ?d",
        "phonetic": "g?d",
        "uk-phonetic": "g?d",
        "explains": [
            "n. 好處；善行；慷慨的行為",
            "adj. 好的；優良的；愉快的；虔誠的",
            "adv. 好",
            "n. (Good)人名；(英)古德；(瑞典)戈德"
        ]
    },
    "speakUrl": "https://dict.youdao.com/dictvoice?audio=good&le=auto&channel=7743eee7f7e11d75&rate=4"
}

如果不需要傳入參數,把第二個傳入的參數置為空即可,這只是簡單地封裝了下,在後續要寫的自動化測試框架我們可能還是要加入各種各樣的判斷以及日誌輸出,畢竟測試最重要的還是斷言等這樣的測試結果。

java 接口自動化測試之數據請求的簡單封裝