43.apache虛擬主機的使用
apache虛擬主機的使用
虛擬主機技術是使用一臺服務器實現發布多個網站的技術。
實現一臺服務器多個網站的方法有：基於網卡，基於端口，基於域名。
基於網卡：一臺主機添加多塊網卡，就相當於有多個IP
基於端口：一臺主機通過同一個IP不同的端口
基於域名：一臺主機通過同一個IP同一個端口不通的域名
Rpm版apache文件路徑：
配置文件路徑：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
網站根文件路徑：/var/www/html/index.html
執行命令文件路徑：/usr/sbin
日誌文件路徑：/var/log/httpd
源碼版apache文件路徑：
配置文件路徑：/usr/local/apache/conf
網站根文件路徑：/usr/local/apache/htdocs
執行命令文件路徑：/usr/local/apache/bin
日誌文件路徑：/usr/local/apache/logs
Linux基於域名搭建虛擬主機實現不同網站發布步驟：
v 配置靜態IP，關閉防火墻，註意apache的安裝方式。
[[email protected] Desktop]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1
[[email protected] Desktop]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[[email protected] Desktop]# iptables -F
[[email protected]
[[email protected] Desktop]# setenforce 0
[[email protected] Desktop]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[[email protected] Desktop]# service httpd status
v 配置DNS，使用linux搭建bind服務器。
[[email protected] /]# rpm -ivh /media/RHEL_6.4\ x86_64\ Disc\ 1/Packages/bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[[email protected] etc]# vim /etc/named.conf
修改參數：
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "a.com" IN {
type master;
file "a.zone";
};
zone "b.com" IN {
type master;
file "b.zone";
};
[[email protected] named]# cp /var/named/named.empty a.zone
[[email protected] named]# vim a.zone
添加參數：www A 192.168.1.1
[[email protected] named]# chown named.named a.zone
[[email protected] named]# cp a.zone b.zone
[[email protected] named]# service named restart
v 配置apache配置文件，打開vhost開關。
源碼版：
[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
註釋內容:
# Virtual hosts
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
修改參數：
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/a"
ServerName www.a.com
ErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/error.log"
CustomLog "/usr/local/apache/accesslog/access.log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/b"
ServerName www.b.com
ErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/error.log"
CustomLog "/usr/local/apache/accesslog/access.log" common
</VirtualHost>
v 創建相關文件夾和文件
[[email protected] apache]# mkdir accesslog
[[email protected] apache]# mkdir accesslog
[[email protected] apache]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/a
[[email protected] apache]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/b
[[email protected] a]# echo jintiantianqibucuo > index.html
[[email protected] b]# echo mingtianhuigenghao >index.html
使用用戶密碼安全性登陸訪問網頁：
v 創建用戶認證數據文件並創建一個用戶：
[[email protected] Desktop]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache/conf/.passwd ren
註釋：-c：表示創建一個數據文件，沒有改選項則是添加一個用戶
v 添加用戶授權配置：
[[email protected] Desktop]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
添加參數：
<directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/a">
authname "ren"
authtype basic
authuserfile /usr/local/apache/conf/.passwd
require valid-user
</directory>
43.apache虛擬主機的使用