文件操作

對文件操作流程

1. 打開文件，得到文件句柄並賦值給一個變量
2. 通過句柄對文件進行操作
3. 關閉文件

現有文件如下

Somehow, it seems the love I knew was always the most destructive kind
不知為何，我經歷的愛情總是最具毀滅性的的那種
Yesterday when I was young
昨日當我年少輕狂
The taste of life was sweet
生命的滋味是甜的
As rain upon my tongue
就如舌尖上的雨露
I teased at life as if it were a foolish game
我戲弄生命 視其為愚蠢的遊戲
The way the evening breeze
就如夜晚的微風
May tease the candle flame
逗弄蠟燭的火苗
The thousand dreams I dreamed
我曾千萬次夢見
The splendid things I planned
那些我計劃的絢麗藍圖
I always built to last on weak 
 
and shifting sand
但我總是將之建築在易逝的流沙上
I lived by night and shunned the naked light of day
我夜夜笙歌 逃避白晝赤裸的陽光
And only now I see how the time ran away
事到如今我才看清歲月是如何匆匆流逝
Yesterday when I was young
昨日當我年少輕狂
So many lovely songs were waiting to be sung
有那麽多甜美的曲兒等我歌唱
So many wild pleasures lay in store for me
有那麽多肆意的快樂等我享受
And so much pain my eyes refused to see
還有那麽多痛苦 我的雙眼卻視而不見
I ran so fast that time 
 
and youth at last ran out
我飛快地奔走 最終時光與青春消逝殆盡
I never stopped to think what life was all about
我從未停下腳步去思考生命的意義
And every conversation that I can now recall
如今回想起的所有對話
Concerned itself with me and nothing else at all
除了和我相關的 什麽都記不得了
The game of love I played with arrogance and pride
我用自負和傲慢玩著愛情的遊戲
And every flame I lit too quickly, quickly died
所有我點燃的火焰都熄滅得太快
The friends I made all somehow seemed to slip away
所有我交的朋友似乎都不知不覺地離開了
And only now I
 
‘m left alone to end the play, yeah
只剩我一個人在臺上來結束這場鬧劇
Oh, yesterday when I was young
噢 昨日當我年少輕狂
So many, many songs were waiting to be sung
有那麽那麽多甜美的曲兒等我歌唱
So many wild pleasures lay in store for me
有那麽多肆意的快樂等我享受
And so much pain my eyes refused to see
還有那麽多痛苦 我的雙眼卻視而不見
There are so many songs in me that won‘t be sung
我有太多歌曲永遠不會被唱起
I feel the bitter taste of tears upon my tongue
我嘗到了舌尖淚水的苦澀滋味
The time has come for me to pay for yesterday
終於到了付出代價的時間 為了昨日
When I was young
當我年少輕狂

基本操作　　

打開文件的模式有：

• r，只讀模式（默認）。
• w，只寫模式。【不可讀；不存在則創建；存在則刪除內容；】
• a，追加模式。【可讀； 不存在則創建；存在則只追加內容；】

"+" 表示可以同時讀寫某個文件

• r+，可讀寫文件。【可讀；可寫；可追加】
• w+，寫讀
• a+，同a

"U"表示在讀取時，可以將 \r \n \r\n自動轉換成 \n （與 r 或 r+ 模式同使用）

• rU
• r+U

"b"表示處理二進制文件（如：FTP發送上傳ISO鏡像文件，linux可忽略，windows處理二進制文件時需標註）

• rb
• wb
• ab

其它語法

    def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        Close the file.
        
        A closed file cannot be used for further I/O operations.  close() may be
        called more than once without error.
        """
        pass

    def fileno(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return the underlying file descriptor (an integer). """
        pass

    def isatty(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ True if the file is connected to a TTY device. """
        pass

    def read(self, size=-1): # known case of _io.FileIO.read
        """
        註意，不一定能全讀回來
        Read at most size bytes, returned as bytes.
        
        Only makes one system call, so less data may be returned than requested.
        In non-blocking mode, returns None if no data is available.
        Return an empty bytes object at EOF.
        """
        return ""

    def readable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ True if file was opened in a read mode. """
        pass

    def readall(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Read all data from the file, returned as bytes.
        
        In non-blocking mode, returns as much as is immediately available,
        or None if no data is available.  Return an empty bytes object at EOF.
        """
        pass

    def readinto(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ Same as RawIOBase.readinto(). """
        pass #不要用,沒人知道它是幹嘛用的

    def seek(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Move to new file position and return the file position.
        
        Argument offset is a byte count.  Optional argument whence defaults to
        SEEK_SET or 0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values
        are SEEK_CUR or 1 (move relative to current position, positive or negative),
        and SEEK_END or 2 (move relative to end of file, usually negative, although
        many platforms allow seeking beyond the end of a file).
        
        Note that not all file objects are seekable.
        """
        pass

    def seekable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ True if file supports random-access. """
        pass

    def tell(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Current file position.
        
        Can raise OSError for non seekable files.
        """
        pass

    def truncate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Truncate the file to at most size bytes and return the truncated size.
        
        Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell().
        The current file position is changed to the value of size.
        """
        pass

    def writable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ True if file was opened in a write mode. """
        pass

    def write(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Write bytes b to file, return number written.
        
        Only makes one system call, so not all of the data may be written.
        The number of bytes actually written is returned.  In non-blocking mode,
        returns None if the write would block.
        """
        pass

with語句

為了避免打開文件後忘記關閉，可以通過管理上下文，即：

如此方式，當with代碼塊執行完畢時，內部會自動關閉並釋放文件資源。

在Python 2.7 後，with又支持同時對多個文件的上下文進行管理，即：

python3.0 第三天 文件操作