Kickstart無人值守安裝CentOS
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-07-18
centos kickstart pxe
/* */ ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[[email protected] ~]# crontab -l
0 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 210.72.145.44 64.147.116.229 time.nist.gov
[[email protected] ~]# hostname
kickstart.contoso.com一、準備工作
[[email protected] ~]# iptables -nL Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination [[email protected]
相關服務器及服務說明如下：
| 角色 | IP地址 | 服務 | 說明 |
| Kickstart服務器 | 192.168.49.201 | apache,dhcp,tftp,kickstart | VMware NAT網絡 |
| Centos客戶端 | 192.168.49.4 | 待安裝操作系統，pxe啟動 |
二、安裝過程
1、掛載CentOS 6.5系統盤
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) /dev/sr0 on /mnt type iso9660 (ro)
2、安裝apache並啟動服務
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd [[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa |grep httpd httpd-tools-2.2.15-59.el6.centos.x86_64 httpd-2.2.15-59.el6.centos.x86_64 [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
待服務啟動後，將/mnt下的光盤文件拷貝到/var/www/html中去（當然也可以省略這一步，可以配置apache的根目錄為/mnt即可，這裏為了不去修改apache配置所以添加該步驟）：
cp -aR /mnt/* /var/www/html [[email protected] ~]# ll /var/www/html/ total 324 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 14 Nov 29 2013 CentOS_BuildTag dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 29 2013 EFI -r--r--r-- 1 root root 212 Nov 28 2013 EULA -r--r--r-- 1 root root 18009 Nov 28 2013 GPL dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 29 2013 images dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 29 2013 isolinux -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1126 Jul 14 01:58 ks.cfg dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 258048 Nov 29 2013 Packages -r--r--r-- 1 root root 1354 Nov 28 2013 RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 29 2013 repodata -r--r--r-- 1 root root 1706 Nov 28 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 1730 Nov 28 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 1730 Nov 28 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 1734 Nov 28 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 3380 Nov 29 2013 TRANS.TBL
3、安裝tftp-server，並啟用tftp服務
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install tftp-server [[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa|grep tftp tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64 [[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘/disable/s/yes/no/‘ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp [[email protected] ~]# sed -n ‘/disable/p‘ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp disable= no [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd start Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
4、準備pxe啟動所需文件
[[email protected] ~]# cp /var/www/html/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/ [[email protected] ~]# cp /var/www/html/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/ [[email protected] ~]# cp /var/www/html/isolinux/*.msg /var/lib/tftpboot/ [[email protected] ~]# cp /var/www/html/isolinux/splash.jpg /var/lib/tftpboot/ [[email protected] ~]# cp /var/www/html/isolinux/vesamenu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/ [[email protected] ~]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg [[email protected] ~]# cp /var/www/html/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
5、安裝syslinux並拷貝pxelinux.0文件
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install syslinux Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package syslinux.x86_64 0:4.04-3.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: syslinux-nonlinux for package: syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mtools for package: syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mtools.x86_64 0:4.0.12-1.el6 will be installed ---> Package syslinux-nonlinux.noarch 0:4.04-3.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================================== Installing: syslinux x86_64 4.04-3.el6 base 346 k Installing for dependencies: mtools x86_64 4.0.12-1.el6 base 194 k syslinux-nonlinux noarch 4.04-3.el6 base 584 k Transaction Summary =========================================================================================== Install 3 Package(s) Total download size: 1.1 M Installed size: 2.5 M Downloading Packages: (1/3): mtools-4.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 194 kB 00:00 (2/3): syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 346 kB 00:00 (3/3): syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch.rpm | 584 kB 00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.1 MB/s | 1.1 MB 00:01 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : mtools-4.0.12-1.el6.x86_64 1/3 Installing : syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch 2/3 Installing : syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch 2/3 Verifying : mtools-4.0.12-1.el6.x86_64 3/3 Installed: syslinux.x86_64 0:4.04-3.el6 Dependency Installed: mtools.x86_64 0:4.0.12-1.el6 syslinux-nonlinux.noarch 0:4.04-3.el6 Complete! [[email protected] ~]# rpm -ql syslinux-nonlinux /usr/share/syslinux/altmbr.bin /usr/share/syslinux/altmbr_c.bin /usr/share/syslinux/altmbr_f.bin /usr/share/syslinux/cat.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/chain.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/cmd.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/config.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/cpuid.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/cpuidtest.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/disk.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/dmitest.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/elf.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/ethersel.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/gfxboot.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr.bin /usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr_c.bin /usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr_f.bin /usr/share/syslinux/gpxecmd.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0 /usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinuxk.0 /usr/share/syslinux/hdt.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/host.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/ifcpu.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/ifcpu64.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/ifplop.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/int18.com /usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx.bin /usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx_c.bin /usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx_f.bin /usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx.bin /usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx_c.bin /usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx_f.bin /usr/share/syslinux/isolinux-debug.bin /usr/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/share/syslinux/kbdmap.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/linux.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/ls.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/lua.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin /usr/share/syslinux/mbr_c.bin /usr/share/syslinux/mbr_f.bin /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk /usr/share/syslinux/memdump.com /usr/share/syslinux/meminfo.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/pcitest.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/pmload.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/poweroff.com /usr/share/syslinux/pwd.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/pxechain.com /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /usr/share/syslinux/reboot.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/rosh.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/sanboot.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/sdi.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/sysdump.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.com /usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.exe /usr/share/syslinux/syslinux64.exe /usr/share/syslinux/ver.com /usr/share/syslinux/vesainfo.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/vesamenu.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/vpdtest.c32 /usr/share/syslinux/whichsys.c32 [[email protected] ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
5、安裝dhcp並啟動服務
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install dhcp
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
# see ‘man 5 dhcpd.conf‘
#
ddns-update-style interim; #設置DHCP服務器模式
ignore client-updates; #禁止客戶端更新
log-facility local7; #使用rsyslog記錄日誌
subnet 192.168.49.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.49.3 192.168.49.30; #地址池
option routers 192.168.49.2; #網關地址
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; #子網掩碼
option domain-name-servers 192.168.49.2; #設置DNS
option domain-name "contoso.com"; #域名搜索列表
default-lease-time 600; #默認租約期限(單位秒)
max-lease-time 7200; #最大租約期限(單位秒)
next-server 192.168.49.201; #下一個訪問的服務器地址，tftp服務器地址
filename "pxelinux.0"; #在next-server上需要下載的文件
}
[[email protected] ~]# service dhcpd configtest
Syntax: OK
[[email protected] ~]# dhcpd
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server 4.1.1-P1
Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Not searching LDAP since ldap-server, ldap-port and ldap-base-dn were not specified in the config file
Wrote 0 leases to leases file.
Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:c1:d4:3d/192.168.49.0/24
Sending on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:c1:d4:3d/192.168.49.0/24
Sending on Socket/fallback/fallback-net
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd start
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd status
dhcpd (pid 1670) is running...6、檢查相關服務運行情況並添加開機自啟動
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd status httpd (pid 1770) is running... [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig httpd on [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd status xinetd (pid 1585) is running... [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig xinetd on [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd status dhcpd (pid 1670) is running... [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on
7、準備ks.cfg文件
下面通過system-config-kickstart的圖形界面進行無人值守安裝設置，如果熟知ks.cfg文件的格式，可以自己寫腳本來完成，當然這裏只是示例。
因為system-config-kickstart需要在圖形界面下操作，所以首先要在操作系統中安裝圖形界面：
[[email protected] httpd]# yum -y groupinstall ‘X Window System‘ yum -y groupinstall ‘Desktop‘ yum -y groupinstall ‘Desktop Platform‘ ‘Desktop Platform Development‘ ‘Graphical Administration Tools‘
然後，使用yum安裝system-config-kickstart：
[[email protected] httpd]# yum install system-config-kickstart
最後，執行system-config-kickstart命令：
[[email protected] httpd]# system-config-kickstart
基本設置，包含語言、時區、root密碼等信息，
選擇安裝方式和安裝源，
選擇安裝類型，GRUB選項以及安裝選項，
磁盤分區相關選項，
網絡配置選項，
登錄認證方式設置，有多種認證方式可選，如NIS、LDAP、Kerberos5等等，
防火墻設置，
顯示配置，
選擇軟件包，
預安裝腳本，
安裝後的處理腳本，
選好之後，點擊“File"，然後在下拉菜單中選擇“Save”，
選擇文件保存位置，確定後選擇save保存。
[[email protected] httpd]# ll /var/www/html/ks.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1126 Jul 14 01:58 /var/www/html/ks.cfg [[email protected] httpd]# cat /var/www/html/ks.cfg #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T #version=DEVEL # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url="http://192.168.49.201/" # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$Y8sHozoZ$2BCNRpLHzBEab6Etd46hF1 # System authorization information auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use graphical install graphical # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang en_US # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Do not configure the X Window System skipx # Installation logging level logging --level=info # Reboot after installation reboot # System timezone timezone --isUtc Asia/Chongqing # Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200 part swap --fstype="swap" --size=1024 part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1 %packages @base @chinese-support @development cjkuni-fonts-ghostscript dos2unix %end
8、修改/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default，使客戶端自動加載ks.cfg配置
[[email protected] httpd]# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default [[email protected] httpd]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default ...... label linux menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system menu default kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.49.201/ks.cfg text ......
三、測試
創建一個VMware虛擬機，網絡選擇NAT模式，然後不添加啟動影響，開機啟動
開機看到這個畫面，很親切啊有木有，
選擇鍵盤類型，
選擇安裝方式，
填寫kickstart服務器的地址，
好吧，系統已經開始安裝了，
安裝中，
安裝接近尾聲，
安裝結束，使用之前設置的密碼成功進入操作系統，因為沒有安裝圖形桌面，所以就是這樣的界面了，ok，至此成功結束。
本文出自 “IT小二郎” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://jerry12356.blog.51cto.com/4308715/1948715
Kickstart無人值守安裝CentOS