本來打算創建一個測試表進行一個簡單的實驗，發現創建完python_test表後插入數據後，select發現所有中文都變成問號了，這一看就是出現了亂碼

MariaDB [lhc]> create table python_test(
    -> id int(11),
    -> name varchar(255),
    -> class_time int(11),
    -> PRIMARY KEY(id)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

MariaDB [lhc]> 

/*插入數據
 
*/
INSERT INTO python_test(id,name,class_time) value(1,‘字典‘,3);
INSERT INTO python_test(id,name,class_time) value(2,‘列表‘,2);
INSERT INTO python_test(id,name,class_time) value(3,‘函數‘,5);
INSERT INTO python_test(id,name,class_time) value(4,‘裝飾器‘,2);
INSERT INTO python_test(id,name,class_time) value(5,‘
 
叠代器‘,2);

/*查看數據*/

MariaDB [lhc]> select * from python_test;
+----+-----------+------------+
| id | name      | class_time |
+----+-----------+------------+
|  1 | ??        |          3 |
|  2 | ??        |          2 |
|  3 | ??        |          5 |
|  4 | ???       |          2 |
|  5 | ???       |
 
          2 |
+----+-----------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

首先查看下MariaDB的默認編碼格式

MariaDB [lhc]> show variables like "character_set_%"
    -> ;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

發現上面的數據庫的字符編碼不是為utf8

/*修改為utf8編碼格式*/

MariaDB [lhc]> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


/*查看*/
MariaDB [lhc]> show variables like "character_set_%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看數據還是問號，說明問題並不出現在數據庫中，查看一下連接編碼

MariaDB [lhc]> show variables like "collation_%";
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value             |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_database   | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server     | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以發現問題就是出現在連接層。

解決方法

/*1*/
SET NAMES ‘utf8‘;
/*
它相當於下面的三句指令： 
SET character_set_client = utf8; 
SET character_set_results = utf8; 
SET character_set_connection = utf8; 
*/

/*2*/
/*創建數據庫的時候指定編碼格式*/
MariaDB [lhc]> create database python_test character set utf8;


/*3*/
/*創建表的時候指定編碼格式*/
MariaDB [lhc]> create table python_test(
    -> id int(11),
    -> name varchar(50) character set utf8,
    -> class_time int(11),
    -> PRIMARY KEY(id)
    -> )DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

如果已經創建完成的表或者數據庫通過ALTER進行修改

/*修改某一個數據庫*/
MariaDB [lhc]> ALTER database python_test character set utf8;

/*修改某一個表*/
MariaDB [lhc]> ALTER table python_test character set utf8;

再次查看原亂碼表就不亂碼了

MariaDB [lhc]> select * from python_test;
+----+-----------+------------+
| id | name      | class_time |
+----+-----------+------------+
|  1 | 字典       |          3 |
|  2 | 列表       |          2 |
|  3 | 函數       |          5 |
|  4 | 裝飾器     |          2 |
|  5 | 叠代器     |          2 |
+----+-----------+------------+

MariaDB插入中文出現???情況