備份數據文件：
SQL> select file_id, file_name from dba_data_files; backup：備用（備份） datafile：數據文件 backup tablespace：備份表空間 backup database：備份數據庫
RMAN> backup datafile 4;
RMAN> backup datafile 4, 5;
RMAN> backup datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf‘;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> backup tablespace users, example; 逗號分隔
RMAN> backup database;
RMAN> list backup;
desc v$backup_set，瀏覽器查看備份

增量備份：
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 tablespace users; incremental：增量的 level固定的後面一定要跟上
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
SQL> create table t2(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t2 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

增量更新：
SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover（恢復） of copy with tag（標簽） ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第一次創建的是0級備份
RMAN> list（名單） copy; 記錄time和scn
SQL> insert into t1 values (2);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第2次創建的是1級備份
RMAN> list backup; backupset格式
RMAN> recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;
RMAN> list copy; time和scn更新
腳本形式：
RMAN> run {
backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users;
recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;
}

備份歸檔日誌：
RMAN> list archivelog all;
RMAN> backup archivelog all delete all input;
RMAN> list archivelog all;
RMAN> list backup;

查看：
RMAN> list backup; 查看的是備份集
RMAN> list copy; 查看的是鏡像拷貝
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;
RMAN> list archivelog all; 查看所有歸檔日誌
檢查備份：
RMAN> delete backup; 刪除備份 show all：查看RMAN各種配置 report：報告
RMAN> delete copy;
RMAN> list backup; list copy;
RMAN> report need backup; 根據策略檢查
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY clear;
RMAN> report obsolete; 冗余>1的 刪除
刪除備份：
RMAN> delete backupset of tablespace users; 指定編號的刪除 不要直接刪除
RMAN> delete backupset 1234;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> show all;
RMAN> delete obsolete;
crosscheck:
RMAN> delete backup;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 改名
RMAN> restore datafile 4; 報錯
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 報廢狀態
RMAN> list expired backup;
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢復原名
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 可用狀態
RMAN> delete expired backup;
catalog:
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 復制
RMAN> delete backup;
RMAN> list backup; backupset消失
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢復原名
RMAN> catalog recovery area noprompt;
RMAN> list backup; backupset恢復

Oracle課程檔案，第十四天