作者：南柯夢

Mybatis中的TypeHandler是什麽？

　　無論是 MyBatis 在預處理語句（PreparedStatement）中設置一個參數時，還是從結果集中取出一個值時，都會用類型處理器將獲取的值以合適的方式轉換成 Java 類型。Mybatis默認為我們實現了許多TypeHandler, 當我們沒有配置指定TypeHandler時，Mybatis會根據參數或者返回結果的不同，默認為我們選擇合適的TypeHandler處理。

那麽，Mybatis為我們實現了哪些TypeHandler呢? 我們怎麽自定義實現一個TypeHandler ? 這些都會在接下來的mybatis的源碼中看到。

在看源碼之前，還是像之前一樣，先看看怎麽配置吧？

配置TypeHandler:

<configuration>
    <typeHandlers>
      <!-- 
          當配置package的時候，mybatis會去配置的package掃描TypeHandler
          <package name="com.dy.demo"/>
       -->
      
      <!-- handler屬性直接配置我們要指定的TypeHandler -->
      <typeHandler handler=""/>
      
      <!-- javaType 配置java類型，例如String, 如果配上javaType, 那麽指定的typeHandler就只作用於指定的類型 -->
      <typeHandler javaType="" handler=""/>
      
      <!-- jdbcType 配置數據庫基本數據類型，例如varchar, 如果配上jdbcType, 那麽指定的typeHandler就只作用於指定的類型  -->
      <typeHandler jdbcType="" handler=""/>
      
      <!-- 也可兩者都配置 -->
      <typeHandler javaType="" jdbcType="" handler=""/>
      
  </typeHandlers>
  
  ......
  
</configuration>

上面簡單介紹了一下TypeHandler, 下面就看看mybatis中TypeHandler的源碼了。

=========================================================我是源碼分割線==========================================================

老規矩，先從對xml的解析講起：

/**
 * 解析typeHandlers節點
 */
private void typeHandlerElement(XNode parent) throws Exception {
    if (parent != null) {
      for (XNode child : parent.getChildren()) {
        //子節點為package時，獲取其name屬性的值，然後自動掃描package下的自定義typeHandler
        if ("package".equals(child.getName())) {
          String typeHandlerPackage = child.getStringAttribute("name");
          typeHandlerRegistry.register(typeHandlerPackage);
        } else {
          //子節點為typeHandler時， 可以指定javaType屬性， 也可以指定jdbcType, 也可兩者都指定
          //javaType 是指定java類型
          //jdbcType 是指定jdbc類型（數據庫類型： 如varchar）
          String javaTypeName = child.getStringAttribute("javaType");
          String jdbcTypeName = child.getStringAttribute("jdbcType");
          //handler就是我們配置的typeHandler
          String handlerTypeName = child.getStringAttribute("handler");
          //resolveClass方法就是我們上篇文章所講的TypeAliasRegistry裏面處理別名的方法
          Class<?> javaTypeClass = resolveClass(javaTypeName);
          //JdbcType是一個枚舉類型，resolveJdbcType方法是在獲取枚舉類型的值
          JdbcType jdbcType = resolveJdbcType(jdbcTypeName);
          Class<?> typeHandlerClass = resolveClass(handlerTypeName);
          //註冊typeHandler, typeHandler通過TypeHandlerRegistry這個類管理
          if (javaTypeClass != null) {
            if (jdbcType == null) {
              typeHandlerRegistry.register(javaTypeClass, typeHandlerClass);
            } else {
              typeHandlerRegistry.register(javaTypeClass, jdbcType, typeHandlerClass);
            }
          } else {
            typeHandlerRegistry.register(typeHandlerClass);
          }
        }
      }
    }
}

接下來看看TypeHandler的管理註冊類：

TypeHandlerRegistry：

/**
 * typeHandler註冊管理類
 */
public final class TypeHandlerRegistry {

  //源碼一上來，二話不說，幾個大大的HashMap就出現，這不又跟上次講的typeAliases的註冊類似麽

  //基本數據類型與其包裝類
  private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> reversePrimitiveMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, Class<?>>() {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    {
      put(Byte.class, byte.class);
      put(Short.class, short.class);
      put(Integer.class, int.class);
      put(Long.class, long.class);
      put(Float.class, float.class);
      put(Double.class, double.class);
      put(Boolean.class, boolean.class);
      put(Character.class, char.class);
    }
  };

  //這幾個MAP不用說就知道存的是什麽東西吧，命名的好處
  private final Map<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>> JDBC_TYPE_HANDLER_MAP = new EnumMap<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>>(JdbcType.class);
  private final Map<Type, Map<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>>> TYPE_HANDLER_MAP = new HashMap<Type, Map<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>>>();
  private final TypeHandler<Object> UNKNOWN_TYPE_HANDLER = new UnknownTypeHandler(this);
  private final Map<Class<?>, TypeHandler<?>> ALL_TYPE_HANDLERS_MAP = new HashMap<Class<?>, TypeHandler<?>>();

  //就像上篇文章講的typeAliases一樣，mybatis也默認給我們註冊了不少的typeHandler
  //具體如下
  public TypeHandlerRegistry() {
    register(Boolean.class, new BooleanTypeHandler());
    register(boolean.class, new BooleanTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.BOOLEAN, new BooleanTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.BIT, new BooleanTypeHandler());

    register(Byte.class, new ByteTypeHandler());
    register(byte.class, new ByteTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.TINYINT, new ByteTypeHandler());

    register(Short.class, new ShortTypeHandler());
    register(short.class, new ShortTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.SMALLINT, new ShortTypeHandler());

    register(Integer.class, new IntegerTypeHandler());
    register(int.class, new IntegerTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.INTEGER, new IntegerTypeHandler());

    register(Long.class, new LongTypeHandler());
    register(long.class, new LongTypeHandler());

    register(Float.class, new FloatTypeHandler());
    register(float.class, new FloatTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.FLOAT, new FloatTypeHandler());

    register(Double.class, new DoubleTypeHandler());
    register(double.class, new DoubleTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.DOUBLE, new DoubleTypeHandler());

    register(String.class, new StringTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.CHAR, new StringTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.CLOB, new ClobTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.VARCHAR, new StringTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.LONGVARCHAR, new ClobTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.NVARCHAR, new NStringTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.NCHAR, new NStringTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.NCLOB, new NClobTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.CHAR, new StringTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.VARCHAR, new StringTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.CLOB, new ClobTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.LONGVARCHAR, new ClobTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.NVARCHAR, new NStringTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.NCHAR, new NStringTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.NCLOB, new NClobTypeHandler());

    register(Object.class, JdbcType.ARRAY, new ArrayTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.ARRAY, new ArrayTypeHandler());

    register(BigInteger.class, new BigIntegerTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.BIGINT, new LongTypeHandler());

    register(BigDecimal.class, new BigDecimalTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.REAL, new BigDecimalTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.DECIMAL, new BigDecimalTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.NUMERIC, new BigDecimalTypeHandler());

    register(Byte[].class, new ByteObjectArrayTypeHandler());
    register(Byte[].class, JdbcType.BLOB, new BlobByteObjectArrayTypeHandler());
    register(Byte[].class, JdbcType.LONGVARBINARY, new BlobByteObjectArrayTypeHandler());
    register(byte[].class, new ByteArrayTypeHandler());
    register(byte[].class, JdbcType.BLOB, new BlobTypeHandler());
    register(byte[].class, JdbcType.LONGVARBINARY, new BlobTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.LONGVARBINARY, new BlobTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.BLOB, new BlobTypeHandler());

    register(Object.class, UNKNOWN_TYPE_HANDLER);
    register(Object.class, JdbcType.OTHER, UNKNOWN_TYPE_HANDLER);
    register(JdbcType.OTHER, UNKNOWN_TYPE_HANDLER);

    register(Date.class, new DateTypeHandler());
    register(Date.class, JdbcType.DATE, new DateOnlyTypeHandler());
    register(Date.class, JdbcType.TIME, new TimeOnlyTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.TIMESTAMP, new DateTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.DATE, new DateOnlyTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.TIME, new TimeOnlyTypeHandler());

    register(java.sql.Date.class, new SqlDateTypeHandler());
    register(java.sql.Time.class, new SqlTimeTypeHandler());
    register(java.sql.Timestamp.class, new SqlTimestampTypeHandler());

    // issue #273
    register(Character.class, new CharacterTypeHandler());
    register(char.class, new CharacterTypeHandler());
  }

  public boolean hasTypeHandler(Class<?> javaType) {
    return hasTypeHandler(javaType, null);
  }

  public boolean hasTypeHandler(TypeReference<?> javaTypeReference) {
    return hasTypeHandler(javaTypeReference, null);
  }

  public boolean hasTypeHandler(Class<?> javaType, JdbcType jdbcType) {
    return javaType != null && getTypeHandler((Type) javaType, jdbcType) != null;
  }

  public boolean hasTypeHandler(TypeReference<?> javaTypeReference, JdbcType jdbcType) {
    return javaTypeReference != null && getTypeHandler(javaTypeReference, jdbcType) != null;
  }

  public TypeHandler<?> getMappingTypeHandler(Class<? extends TypeHandler<?>> handlerType) {
    return ALL_TYPE_HANDLERS_MAP.get(handlerType);
  }

  public <T> TypeHandler<T> getTypeHandler(Class<T> type) {
    return getTypeHandler((Type) type, null);
  }

  public <T> TypeHandler<T> getTypeHandler(TypeReference<T> javaTypeReference) {
    return getTypeHandler(javaTypeReference, null);
  }

  public TypeHandler<?> getTypeHandler(JdbcType jdbcType) {
    return JDBC_TYPE_HANDLER_MAP.get(jdbcType);
  }

  public <T> TypeHandler<T> getTypeHandler(Class<T> type, JdbcType jdbcType) {
    return getTypeHandler((Type) type, jdbcType);
  }

  public <T> TypeHandler<T> getTypeHandler(TypeReference<T> javaTypeReference, JdbcType jdbcType) {
    return getTypeHandler(javaTypeReference.getRawType(), jdbcType);
  }

  private <T> TypeHandler<T> getTypeHandler(Type type, JdbcType jdbcType) {
    Map<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>> jdbcHandlerMap = TYPE_HANDLER_MAP.get(type);
    TypeHandler<?> handler = null;
    if (jdbcHandlerMap != null) {
      handler = jdbcHandlerMap.get(jdbcType);
      if (handler == null) {
        handler = jdbcHandlerMap.get(null);
      }
    }
    if (handler == null && type != null && type instanceof Class && Enum.class.isAssignableFrom((Class<?>) type)) {
      handler = new EnumTypeHandler((Class<?>) type);
    }
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    // type drives generics here
    TypeHandler<T> returned = (TypeHandler<T>) handler;
    return returned;
  }

  public TypeHandler<Object> getUnknownTypeHandler() {
    return UNKNOWN_TYPE_HANDLER;
  }

  public void register(JdbcType jdbcType, TypeHandler<?> handler) {
    JDBC_TYPE_HANDLER_MAP.put(jdbcType, handler);
  }

  //
  // REGISTER INSTANCE
  //

  /**
   * 只配置了typeHandler, 沒有配置jdbcType 或者javaType
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public <T> void register(TypeHandler<T> typeHandler) {
    boolean mappedTypeFound = false;
    //在自定義typeHandler的時候，可以加上註解MappedTypes 去指定關聯的javaType
    //因此，此處需要掃描MappedTypes註解
    MappedTypes mappedTypes = typeHandler.getClass().getAnnotation(MappedTypes.class);
    if (mappedTypes != null) {
      for (Class<?> handledType : mappedTypes.value()) {
        register(handledType, typeHandler);
        mappedTypeFound = true;
      }
    }
    // @since 3.1.0 - try to auto-discover the mapped type
    if (!mappedTypeFound && typeHandler instanceof TypeReference) {
      try {
        TypeReference<T> typeReference = (TypeReference<T>) typeHandler;
        register(typeReference.getRawType(), typeHandler);
        mappedTypeFound = true;
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        // maybe users define the TypeReference with a different type and are not assignable, so just ignore it
      }
    }
    if (!mappedTypeFound) {
      register((Class<T>) null, typeHandler);
    }
  }

  /**
   * 配置了typeHandlerhe和javaType
   */
  public <T> void register(Class<T> javaType, TypeHandler<? extends T> typeHandler) {
    register((Type) javaType, typeHandler);
  }

  private <T> void register(Type javaType, TypeHandler<? extends T> typeHandler) {
    //掃描註解MappedJdbcTypes
    MappedJdbcTypes mappedJdbcTypes = typeHandler.getClass().getAnnotation(MappedJdbcTypes.class);
    if (mappedJdbcTypes != null) {
      for (JdbcType handledJdbcType : mappedJdbcTypes.value()) {
        register(javaType, handledJdbcType, typeHandler);
      }
      if (mappedJdbcTypes.includeNullJdbcType()) {
        register(javaType, null, typeHandler);
      }
    } else {
      register(javaType, null, typeHandler);
    }
  }

  public <T> void register(TypeReference<T> javaTypeReference, TypeHandler<? extends T> handler) {
    register(javaTypeReference.getRawType(), handler);
  }

  /**
   * typeHandlerhe、javaType、jdbcType都配置了
   */
  public <T> void register(Class<T> type, JdbcType jdbcType, TypeHandler<? extends T> handler) {
    register((Type) type, jdbcType, handler);
  }

  /**
   * 註冊typeHandler的核心方法
   * 就是向Map新增數據而已
   */
  private void register(Type javaType, JdbcType jdbcType, TypeHandler<?> handler) {
    if (javaType != null) {
      Map<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>> map = TYPE_HANDLER_MAP.get(javaType);
      if (map == null) {
        map = new HashMap<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>>();
        TYPE_HANDLER_MAP.put(javaType, map);
      }
      map.put(jdbcType, handler);
      if (reversePrimitiveMap.containsKey(javaType)) {
        register(reversePrimitiveMap.get(javaType), jdbcType, handler);
      }
    }
    ALL_TYPE_HANDLERS_MAP.put(handler.getClass(), handler);
  }

  //
  // REGISTER CLASS
  //

  // Only handler type

  public void register(Class<?> typeHandlerClass) {
    boolean mappedTypeFound = false;
    MappedTypes mappedTypes = typeHandlerClass.getAnnotation(MappedTypes.class);
    if (mappedTypes != null) {
      for (Class<?> javaTypeClass : mappedTypes.value()) {
        register(javaTypeClass, typeHandlerClass);
        mappedTypeFound = true;
      }
    }
    if (!mappedTypeFound) {
      register(getInstance(null, typeHandlerClass));
    }
  }

  // java type + handler type

  public void register(Class<?> javaTypeClass, Class<?> typeHandlerClass) {
    register(javaTypeClass, getInstance(javaTypeClass, typeHandlerClass));
  }

  // java type + jdbc type + handler type

  public void register(Class<?> javaTypeClass, JdbcType jdbcType, Class<?> typeHandlerClass) {
    register(javaTypeClass, jdbcType, getInstance(javaTypeClass, typeHandlerClass));
  }

  // Construct a handler (used also from Builders)

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public <T> TypeHandler<T> getInstance(Class<?> javaTypeClass, Class<?> typeHandlerClass) {
    if (javaTypeClass != null) {
      try {
        Constructor<?> c = typeHandlerClass.getConstructor(Class.class);
        return (TypeHandler<T>) c.newInstance(javaTypeClass);
      } catch (NoSuchMethodException ignored) {
        // ignored
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new TypeException("Failed invoking constructor for handler " + typeHandlerClass, e);
      }
    }
    try {
      Constructor<?> c = typeHandlerClass.getConstructor();
      return (TypeHandler<T>) c.newInstance();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new TypeException("Unable to find a usable constructor for " + typeHandlerClass, e);
    }
  }

 
  /**
   * 根據指定的pacakge去掃描自定義的typeHander，然後註冊
   */
  public void register(String packageName) {
    ResolverUtil<Class<?>> resolverUtil = new ResolverUtil<Class<?>>();
    resolverUtil.find(new ResolverUtil.IsA(TypeHandler.class), packageName);
    Set<Class<? extends Class<?>>> handlerSet = resolverUtil.getClasses();
    for (Class<?> type : handlerSet) {
      //Ignore inner classes and interfaces (including package-info.java) and abstract classes
      if (!type.isAnonymousClass() && !type.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(type.getModifiers())) {
        register(type);
      }
    }
  }
  
  // get information
  
  /**
   * 通過configuration對象可以獲取已註冊的所有typeHandler
   */
  public Collection<TypeHandler<?>> getTypeHandlers() {
    return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(ALL_TYPE_HANDLERS_MAP.values());
  }
  
}

由源碼可以看到， mybatis為我們實現了那麽多TypeHandler, 隨便打開一個TypeHandler，看其源碼，都可以看到，它繼承自一個抽象類：BaseTypeHandler， 那麽我們是不是也能通過繼承BaseTypeHandler，從而實現自定義的TypeHandler ? 答案是肯定的， 那麽現在下面就為大家演示一下自定義TypeHandler:

=====================================================自定義TypeHandler分割線============================================================

ExampleTypeHandler:

@MappedJdbcTypes(JdbcType.VARCHAR)  
//此處如果不用註解指定jdbcType, 那麽，就可以在配置文件中通過"jdbcType"屬性指定， 同理， javaType 也可通過 @MappedTypes指定
public class ExampleTypeHandler extends BaseTypeHandler<String> {

  @Override
  public void setNonNullParameter(PreparedStatement ps, int i, String parameter, JdbcType jdbcType) throws SQLException {
    ps.setString(i, parameter);
  }

  @Override
  public String getNullableResult(ResultSet rs, String columnName) throws SQLException {
    return rs.getString(columnName);
  }

  @Override
  public String getNullableResult(ResultSet rs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException {
    return rs.getString(columnIndex);
  }

  @Override
  public String getNullableResult(CallableStatement cs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException {
    return cs.getString(columnIndex);
  }
}

然後，就該配置我們的自定義TypeHandler了：

<configuration>
  <typeHandlers>
      <!-- 由於自定義的TypeHandler在定義時已經通過註解指定了jdbcType, 所以此處不用再配置jdbcType -->
      <typeHandler handler="ExampleTypeHandler"/>
  </typeHandlers>
  
  ......
  
</configuration>

也就是說，我們在自定義TypeHandler的時候，可以在TypeHandler通過@MappedJdbcTypes指定jdbcType, 通過 @MappedTypes 指定javaType, 如果沒有使用註解指定，那麽我們就需要在配置文件中配置。

TypeHandler簡介及配置（mybatis源碼篇）