1. 程式人生 > >C#程序員經常用到的10個實用代碼片段

C#程序員經常用到的10個實用代碼片段

方法 sin path dispose dev mono seconds second 例子

1 讀取操作系統和CLR的版本

  1. OperatingSystem os = System.Environment.OSVersion; 
    Console.WriteLine(“Platform: {0}”, os.Platform); 
    Console.WriteLine(“Service Pack: {0}”, os.ServicePack); 
    Console.WriteLine(“Version: {0}”, os.Version); 
    Console.WriteLine(“VersionString: {0}”, os.VersionString); 
    Console.WriteLine(“CLR Version: {0}”, System.Environment.Version); 
    

      

在我的Windows 7系統中,輸出以下信息

Platform: Win32NT 
Service Pack: 
Version: 6.1.7600.0 
VersionString: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7600.0 
CLR Version: 4.0.21006.1 

  

2 讀取CPU數量,內存容量

可以通過Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)提供的接口讀取所需要的信息。

private static UInt32 CountPhysicalProcessors() 
{ 
     ManagementObjectSearcher objects = new ManagementObjectSearcher( 
        “SELECT * FROM Win32_ComputerSystem”); 
     ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get(); 
     foreach(ManagementObject obj in coll) 
    { 
        return (UInt32)obj[“NumberOfProcessors”]; 
    } 
    return 0; 
} 
private static UInt64 CountPhysicalMemory() 
{ 
   ManagementObjectSearcher objects =new ManagementObjectSearcher( 
      “SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMemory”); 
   ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get(); 
   UInt64 total = 0; 
   foreach (ManagementObject obj in coll) 
   { 
       total += (UInt64)obj[“Capacity”]; 
    } 
    return total; 
} 

  

請添加對程序集System.Management的引用,確保代碼可以正確編譯。

Console.WriteLine(“Machine: {0}”, Environment.MachineName); 
Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (logical): {0}”, Environment.ProcessorCount); 
Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (physical): {0}”  CountPhysicalProcessors()); 
Console.WriteLine(“RAM installed: {0:N0} bytes”,  CountPhysicalMemory()); 
Console.WriteLine(“Is OS 64-bit? {0}”,   Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem); 
Console.WriteLine(“Is process 64-bit? {0}”,  Environment.Is64BitProcess); 
Console.WriteLine(“Little-endian: {0}”, BitConverter.IsLittleEndian); 
foreach (Screen screen in  System.Windows.Forms.Screen.AllScreens) 
{ 
     Console.WriteLine(“Screen {0}”, screen.DeviceName); 
     Console.WriteLine(“\tPrimary {0}”, screen.Primary); 
     Console.WriteLine(“\tBounds: {0}”, screen.Bounds); 
     Console.WriteLine(“\tWorking Area: {0}”,screen.WorkingArea); 
     Console.WriteLine(“\tBitsPerPixel: {0}”,screen.BitsPerPixel); 
} 

  

3 讀取註冊表鍵值對

using (RegistryKey keyRun = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@”Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run”)) 
{ 
    foreach (string valueName in keyRun.GetValueNames()) 
    { 
     Console.WriteLine(“Name: {0}\tValue: {1}”, valueName, keyRun.GetValue(valueName)); 
    } 
} 

  

請添加命名空間Microsoft.Win32,以確保上面的代碼可以編譯。

4 啟動,停止Windows服務

這項API提供的實用功能常常用來管理應用程序中的服務,而不必到控制面板的管理服務中進行操作。

ServiceController controller = new ServiceController(“e-M-POWER”);      
controller.Start();      
if (controller.CanPauseAndContinue)      
{      
    controller.Pause();      
    controller.Continue();      
}      
controller.Stop(); 

  

.net提供的API中,可以實現一句話安裝與卸載服務

if (args[0] == "/i") 
{ 
       ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location }); 
} 
else if (args[0] == "/u") 
{ 
   ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { "/u", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location }); 
} 

  

如代碼所示,給應用程序傳入i或u參數,以表示是卸載或是安裝程序。

5 驗證程序是否有strong name (P/Invoke)

比如在程序中,為了驗證程序集是否有簽名,可調用如下方法

[DllImport("mscoree.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)] 
static extern bool StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(string wszFilePath, bool fForceVerification, ref bool pfWasVerified); 
 
bool notForced = false; 
bool verified = StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(assembly, false, ref notForced); 
Console.WriteLine("Verified: {0}\nForced: {1}", verified, !notForced); 

  

這個功能常用在軟件保護方法,可用來驗證簽名的組件。即使你的簽名被人去掉,或是所有程序集的簽名都被去除,只要程序中有這一項調用代碼,則可以停止程序運行。

6 響應系統配置項的變更

比如我們鎖定系統後,如果QQ沒有退出,則它會顯示了忙碌狀態。

請添加命名空間Microsoft.Win32,然後對註冊下面的事件。

. DisplaySettingsChanged (包含Changing) 顯示設置

. InstalledFontsChanged 字體變化

. PaletteChanged

. PowerModeChanged 電源狀態

. SessionEnded (用戶正在登出或是會話結束)

. SessionSwitch (變更當前用戶)

. TimeChanged 時間改變

. UserPreferenceChanged (用戶偏號 包含Changing)

我們的ERP系統,會監測系統時間是否改變,如果將時間調整後ERP許可文件之外的範圍,會導致ERP軟件不可用。

7 運用Windows7的新特性

Windows7系統引入一些新特性,比如打開文件對話框,狀態欄可顯示當前任務的進度。

Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog ofd = new Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog(); 
ofd.AddToMostRecentlyUsedList = true; 
ofd.IsFolderPicker = true; 
ofd.AllowNonFileSystemItems = true; 
ofd.ShowDialog(); 

  

用這樣的方法打開對話框,與BCL自帶類庫中的OpenFileDialog功能更多一些。不過只限於Windows 7系統中,所以要調用這段代碼,還要檢查操作系統的版本要大於6,並且添加對程序集Windows API Code Pack for Microsoft?.NET Framework的引用,請到這個地址下載 http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/WindowsAPICodePack

8 檢查程序對內存的消耗

用下面的方法,可以檢查.NET給程序分配的內存數量

long available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false); 
Console.WriteLine(“Before allocations: {0:N0}”, available); 
int allocSize = 40000000; 
byte[] bigArray = new byte[allocSize]; 
available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false); 
Console.WriteLine(“After allocations: {0:N0}”, available); 

  

在我的系統中,它運行的結果如下所示

Before allocations: 651,064
After allocations: 40,690,080

使用下面的方法,可以檢查當前應用程序占用的內存

Process proc = Process.GetCurrentProcess(); 
Console.WriteLine(“Process Info: “+Environment.NewLine+ 
“Private Memory Size: {0:N0}”+Environment.NewLine + 
“Virtual Memory Size: {1:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
“Working Set Size: {2:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
“Paged Memory Size: {3:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
“Paged System Memory Size: {4:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
  “Non-paged System Memory Size: {5:N0}” + Environment.NewLine, 
proc.PrivateMemorySize64,   proc.VirtualMemorySize64,  proc.WorkingSet64,  proc.PagedMemorySize64, proc.PagedSystemMemorySize64,  proc.NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 ); 

  

9 使用記秒表檢查程序運行時間

如果你擔憂某些代碼非常耗費時間,可以用StopWatch來檢查這段代碼消耗的時間,如下面的代碼所示

System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch timer = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch(); 
timer.Start(); 
Decimal total = 0; 
int limit = 1000000; 
for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) 
{ 
      total = total + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i); 
} 
timer.Stop(); 
Console.WriteLine(“Sum of sqrts: {0}”,total); 
Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed milliseconds: {0}”, 
timer.ElapsedMilliseconds); 
Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed time: {0}”, timer.Elapsed); 

  

現在已經有專門的工具來檢測程序的運行時間,可以細化到每個方法,比如dotNetPerformance軟件。

以上面的代碼為例子,您需要直接修改源代碼,如果是用來測試程序,則有些不方便。請參考下面的例子。

class AutoStopwatch : System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch, IDisposable 
{ 
   public AutoStopwatch() 
   { 
       Start(); 
   } 
   public void Dispose() 
   { 
       Stop(); 
       Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed: {0}”, this.Elapsed); 
   } 
} 

  

借助於using語法,像下面的代碼所示,可以檢查一段代碼的運行時間,並打印在控制臺上。

using (new AutoStopwatch()) 
{ 
    Decimal total2 = 0; 
    int limit2 = 1000000; 
    for (int i = 0; i < limit2; ++i) 
    { 
       total2 = total2 + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i); 
    } 
} 

  

10 使用光標

當程序正在後臺運行保存或是冊除操作時,應當將光標狀態修改為忙碌。可使用下面的技巧。

class AutoWaitCursor : IDisposable 
{ 
private Control _target; 
private Cursor _prevCursor = Cursors.Default; 
public AutoWaitCursor(Control control) 
{ 
   if (control == null) 
   { 
     throw new ArgumentNullException(“control”); 
   } 
   _target = control; 
   _prevCursor = _target.Cursor; 
   _target.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor; 
} 
public void Dispose() 
{ 
   _target.Cursor = _prevCursor; 
} 
} 

  

用法如下所示,這個寫法,是為了預料到程序可能會拋出異常

using (new AutoWaitCursor(this)) 
{ 
... 
throw new Exception(); 
} 

  

如代碼所示,即使拋出異常,光標也可以恢復到之間的狀態。

C#程序員經常用到的10個實用代碼片段