1、孕婦吸煙增加子女及孫子女患哮喘的風險，被普遍承認。

2、青春期男性吸煙會導致精細胞發生可遺傳的表觀遺傳改變，但這種傳代效應的統計學評估很缺乏。

3、本研究評估了母親、祖母懷孕及父親青春期吸煙對其後代患哮喘的風險。

4、分析略（我也沒看明白）。

5、結論為正。

Abstract：

Smoking in pregnancy increases asthma risk in offspring and possibly in grand-offspring. Few studies have examined the effect of paternal smoking on offspring‘s health although smoking in male adolescence

We assessed the effect of smoking in different susceptibility periods (mother/grandmother‘s pregnancies, father‘s adolescence) on asthma risk in offspring by a three-generation analysis.

At the ECRHS III clinical interview (2010-2013), 2140 mothers and 1866 fathers (level 2 units) from 26 centres (cluster variable) reported whether their offspring (aged ≤51 years; level 1 units) had Asthma and whether it coexisted with allergic Rhinitis (A+R) or not (A–R). These parents also provided information on their parents‘ and their own asthma/schooling/smoking history. Two-level 2→2→1 mediation models with cluster-robust standard errors (outcome: offspring‘s A+R/A–R; mediator: parent‘s ever asthma) were fitted separately within the maternal (4451 offspring) and paternal (3984 offspring) lines.

Grandmother‘s smoking in pregnancy was associated with mother‘s ever asthma (OR=1.51; 95%CI: 1.13-2.02) and with grand-offspring‘s A+R within the maternal line (relative risk ratio, RRR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.12-1.65). Mother‘s smoking in pregnancy (RRR=1.26; 95%CI: 1.01-1.56) and father‘s smoking in adolescence (RRR=1.48; 95%CI: 1.02-2.13) were associated with offspring‘s A–R.

Parental and grandparental smoking in different susceptibility periods may increase asthma risk across generations.

文獻來源

LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: Transgenerational effect of parental and grandparental smoking on asthma risk in offspring Simone Accordini, Lucia Calciano, Ane Johannessen, Anna Simonetto, Bryndis Benediktsdóttir, Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen, Lennart Bråbäck, Anne-Elie Carsin, Shyamali Dharmage, Julia Dratva, Joachim Heinrich, Mathias Holm, Christer Janson, Rain Jögi, Bénédicte Leynaert, AndreiMalinovschi, Alessandro Marcon, Jesús Martínez-Moratalla, Chantal Raherison, Francisco Gomez Real, José Luis Sánchez, Vivi Schlünssen, Deborah Jarvis, Cecilie Svanes European Respiratory Journal Sep 2016, 48 (suppl 60) PA4596; DOI:10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.PA4596

這個雜誌屬於top期刊，有10多個點，應該還算有公信度。

吸煙增加後代患哮喘的風險