Git安裝與配置
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-10-09
git
（一）Git概述
Git是一款免費、開源的分布式版本控制系統，用於敏捷高效地處理任何或小或大的項目。
Git是一個開源的分布式版本控制系統，可以有效、高速的處理從很小到非常大的項目版本管理。[2] Git 是 Linus Torvalds 為了幫助管理 Linux 內核開發而開發的一個開放源碼的版本控制軟件。
Git 與常用的版本控制工具 CVS, Subversion 等不同，它采用了分布式版本庫的方式，不必服務器端軟件支持。
----------百度百科
Git 與 SVN 區別點：
1、GIT是分布式的，SVN是集中式的：這是GIT和其它非分布式的版本控制系統，例如SVN，CVS等，最核心的區別。
2、GIT把內容按元數據方式存儲，而SVN是按文件：所有的資源控制系統都是把文件的元信息隱藏在一個類似.svn,.cvs等的文件夾裏。
3、GIT分支和SVN的分支不同：分支在SVN中一點不特別，就是版本庫中的另外的一個目錄。
4、GIT沒有一個全局的版本號，而SVN有：目前為止這是跟SVN相比GIT缺少的最大的一個特征。
5、GIT的內容完整性要優於SVN：GIT的內容存儲使用的是SHA-1哈希算法。這能確保代碼內容的完整性，確保在遇到磁盤故障和網絡問題時降低對版本庫的破壞。
（二）Git安裝
Git 的工作需要調用 curl，zlib，openssl，expat，libiconv 等庫的代碼，所以需要先安裝這些依賴工具。在有 yum 的系統上（比如 Fedora）或者有 apt-get 的系統上（比如 Debian 體系），可以用下面的命令安裝：
（1）Linux平臺上安裝（CentOS/Redhat）git服務端
1.#######安裝git所對應的編譯包
[[email protected] ~]# yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel > openssl-devel zlib-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Package expat-devel-2.1.0-10.el7_3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gettext-devel.x86_64 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: gettext-common-devel = 0.18.2.1-4.el7 for package: gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64
---> Package libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos will be installed
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.6 MB 00:00
--> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-35.el7.centos for package: libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gettext-common-devel.noarch 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-25.el7.centos will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-25.el7.centos for package: curl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64
---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-25.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
gettext-devel x86_64 0.18.2.1-4.el7 base 315 k
libcurl-devel x86_64 7.29.0-35.el7.centos base 299 k
Installing for dependencies:
gettext-common-devel noarch 0.18.2.1-4.el7 base 368 k
Updating for dependencies:
curl x86_64 7.29.0-35.el7.centos base 265 k
libcurl x86_64 7.29.0-35.el7.centos base 218 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 2 Packages (+1 Dependent package)
Upgrade ( 2 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 1.4 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/5): curl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 265 kB 00:00
(2/5): gettext-common-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 368 kB 00:00
(3/5): gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 315 kB 00:00
(4/5): libcurl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 218 kB 00:00
(5/5): libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 299 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 6.0 MB/s | 1.4 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : libcurl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 1/7
Installing : gettext-common-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.noarch 2/7
Installing : gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64 3/7
Updating : curl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 4/7
Installing : libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 5/7
Cleanup : curl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 6/7
Cleanup : libcurl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 7/7
Verifying : curl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 1/7
Verifying : gettext-common-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.noarch 2/7
Verifying : libcurl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 3/7
Verifying : gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64 4/7
Verifying : libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 5/7
Verifying : libcurl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 6/7
Verifying : curl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 7/7
Installed:
gettext-devel.x86_64 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7
libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos
Dependency Installed:
gettext-common-devel.noarch 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7
Dependency Updated:
curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos
Complete!2.##########通過yum進行安裝 [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install git-core 已加載插件：fastestmirror 設置安裝進程 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn 解決依賴關系 --> 執行事務檢查 ---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-4.el6_7.1 will be 升級 --> 處理依賴關系 git = 1.7.1-4.el6_7.1，它被軟件包 perl-Git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.noarch 需要 ---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be an update --> 執行事務檢查 ---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-4.el6_7.1 will be 升級 ---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be an update --> 完成依賴關系計算 依賴關系解決 ================================================================================ 軟件包 架構 版本 倉庫 大小 ================================================================================ 正在升級: git x86_64 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 4.6 M 為依賴而更新: perl-Git noarch 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 29 k 事務概要 ================================================================================ Upgrade 2 Package(s) 總下載量：4.6 M 下載軟件包： (1/2): git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64.rpm | 4.6 MB 00:00 (2/2): perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch.rpm | 29 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 總計 889 kB/s | 4.6 MB 00:05 運行 rpm_check_debug 執行事務測試 事務測試成功 執行事務 正在升級 : perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 1/4 正在升級 : git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 2/4 清理 : perl-Git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.noarch 3/4 清理 : git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 2/4 Verifying : perl-Git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.noarch 3/4 Verifying : git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.x86_64 4/4 更新完畢: git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 作為依賴被升級: perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 完畢！
3.########查看版本信息 [[email protected] ~]# git --version git version 1.8.3.1
4.創建git用戶，用來運行git服務 [[email protected] ~]# useradd git -s /sbin/nologin -M
5.創建客戶端登錄證書。一路回車即可，將生成的id_rsa.pub，復制給管理員，幫你在服務器上增加一下，下次你用git時就不需要輸入用戶名和密碼了。 [[email protected] ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: f3:bb:45:5c:83:21:70:06:f0:ab:87:2c:9e:11:2e:68 [email protected] The key‘s randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | ..oo+ . | | . o . o | | . . o | | . . . . | | . S o | | . . o o o . | |.E. + + . . . | |. o + . o | | o o. | +-----------------+ [[email protected] ~]# cat /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAvPX0EADLEd7PkDB2KvGssNFswZ4ovLZkuNDAH+425EtrpKn6cPjceb+yajqAd6bpXtzpp1ZbAusizlN4JulXdOPO8cj5yEoCqjkWzD0f0do3eybC+NE/jBFqgViNi6DQtAEmkzhqsSw/YKOStO09r/D2egv4J8DDF09ZQN0dibU7prRHRLkppTxhypw8xm9B6znPWnl0e1Yn64A/lYy/EVp2H4SpMknZhfcD0qpUZyWyO1LecP1rbiBOeak5UVYFzH7iJ++7RULi2VVnq93FpyLvVNQTLwm0s4RiiKZdRKflk6DP9sHPjZROD1+iXepHnyTAEungWRnmyjuYXVySgw== [email protected] ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAytLVeZyNACFK+/PjBXUvMHNJ7HiS/9bsTSIKQEhLRtMxOinexadnp/AlKQaUYEblIEi7FkXcCDTR18EefFu4wCptzMUs8W8kxw6u1TN0jx2Y+7Eo7MbH6MRuA9fehwgtiPdPbsMiu400LIq+zlZOvJY3E/QX3pvvAbbXhu61fraffFWSkGEyELOApacC0aJfnEBSYfcCa7flWGjvKhUCC1YJP/qn40X+l6sGJ/+ZTItETZ+r7IayQwpPpFMUt5hmIYgCE6V8eG/wN2VlBq24xnBk+wDVPwd5p++KwQT9xndcLQbecmBaqtdLF8OgMN0DngQatymP0jHZQHsxM3VmUw== [email protected] ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAvPX0EADLEd7PkDB2KvGssNFswZ4ovLZkuNDAH+425EtrpKn6cPjceb+yajqAd6bpXtzpp1ZbAusizlN4JulXdOPO8cj5yEoCqjkWzD0f0do3eybC+NE/jBFqgViNi6DQtAEmkzhqsSw/YKOStO09r/D2egv4J8DDF09ZQN0dibU7prRHRLkppTxhypw8xm9B6znPWnl0e1Yn64A/lYy/EVp2H4SpMknZhfcD0qpUZyWyO1LecP1rbiBOeak5UVYFzH7iJ++7RULi2VVnq93FpyLvVNQTLwm0s4RiiKZdRKflk6DP9sHPjZROD1+iXepHnyTAEungWRnmyjuYXVySgw== [email protected]
（2）安裝windos平臺的git客戶端
1，下載客戶端。下載地址如下：https://git-scm.com/downloads
2，windows安裝比較簡單基本上都是下一步下一步，見下圖
（3）安裝Linux平臺的git客戶端(https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/ 或者https://github.com/git/git/releases )
[[email protected] ~]# yum install git -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 extras/primary_db | 29 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00 Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl-Git = 1.7.1-9.el6_9 for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: rsync for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Git) for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Error) for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 will be installed ---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be installed ---> Package rsync.x86_64 0:3.0.6-12.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: git x86_64 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 4.6 M Installing for dependencies: perl-Error noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 base 29 k perl-Git noarch 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 29 k rsync x86_64 3.0.6-12.el6 base 335 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 4 Package(s) Total download size: 5.0 M Installed size: 15 M Downloading Packages: (1/4): git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64.rpm | 4.6 MB 00:00 (2/4): perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch.rpm | 29 kB 00:00 (3/4): perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch.rpm | 29 kB 00:00 (4/4): rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64.rpm | 335 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 30 MB/s | 5.0 MB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch 1/4 Installing : rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64 2/4 Installing : perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 3/4 Installing : git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 3/4 Verifying : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch 4/4 Installed: git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 Dependency Installed: perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 rsync.x86_64 0:3.0.6-12.el6 Complete! [[email protected] ~]# git --version git version 1.7.1 [[email protected] ~]#
本文出自 “清風明月” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://liqingbiao.blog.51cto.com/3044896/1970979
Git安裝與配置