Oracle數據庫冷備份與熱備份操作梳理
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-10-20
冷備 sql strong 10.2.0.1 redo 相關 16px acl member
Oracle數據庫的備份方式有冷備份和熱備份兩種，針對這兩種備份的實施過程記錄如下：
一、Oracle冷備份
概念
數據庫在關閉狀態下完成所有物理系統文件拷貝的過程，也稱脫機備份
適合於非歸檔模式（noarchivelog）下，數據庫處於一致性狀態
步驟
- 首先在運行的庫中得到數據庫運行的所有的物理文件位置，然後在計劃內關閉數據庫(shutdown)
- 再執行拷貝物理文家到備份路徑或備份設備
- 備份完成後立即啟動數據庫讓其提供正常的服務
冷備腳本的寫法
首先應該在相關視圖裏查出數據庫的數據文件，日誌文件，控制文件，臨時文件所在的位置
註意：不要直接在oradata下進行cp就行了，因為生產庫裏各個文件通常分布在不同的磁盤，不同的地方，所以在去視圖裏獲得真實路徑
冷備份操作
1）查看Oracle數據庫的日誌模式，如果是歸檔模式，將需要將數據庫設置為noarchivelog模式(非歸檔模式)，從而進行冷備份。
SQL> archive log list Database log mode No Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled //Enabled表示為歸檔模式 Archive destination /u01/admin/denver/archdest Oldest online log sequence 1 Current log sequence 1 SQL> startup mount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes Fixed Size 1336960 bytes Variable Size 314575232 bytes Database Buffers 100663296 bytes Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database noarchivelog Database altered. SQL> archive log list Database log mode No Archive Mode Automatic archival Disabled //Disabled表示為歸檔模式 Archive destination /u01/admin/denver/archdest Oldest online log sequence 1 Current log sequence 1 SQL> alter database open; Database altered.
2）查看實例和數據庫的相關信息
SQL> select instance_name,version,status,archiver,database_status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME VERSION STATUS ARCHIVE DATABASE_STATUS
---------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -----------------
orcl 10.2.0.1.0 OPEN STOPPED ACTIVE
SQL> select dbid,name,log_mode from v$database;
DBID NAME LOG_MODE
---------- --------- ------------
1242732291 ORCL NOARCHIVELOG
3）查看數據文件及狀態信息
SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name,status,online_status from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME TABLESPACE STATUS ONLINE_
------------------------------------------------------- ---------- --------- -------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1 AVAILABLE ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf SYSTEM AVAILABLE SYSTEM
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX AVAILABLE ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf USERS AVAILABLE ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf EXAMPLE AVAILABLE ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf TBS1 AVAILABLE ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf TBS1 AVAILABLE ONLINE
4）查看數據文件
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf
5）查看臨時文件
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
6）查看日誌文件
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2a.rdo
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2b.rdo
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo1a.rdo
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3a.rdo
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3b.rdo
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo1b.rdo
7）查看控制文件
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
8）創建備份目錄
SQL> ho mkdir /u01/app/oracle/coolbak
9）使用連接符生成復制文件命令
SQL> select ‘ho cp ‘ || name || ‘ /u01/app/oracle/coolbak‘ from v$controlfile;
‘HOCP‘||NAME||‘/U01/APP/ORACLE/COOLBAK‘
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ho cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl /u01/app/oracle/coolbak
ho cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl /u01/app/oracle/coolbak
將上面的輸入保存為tmpbak.sql
SQL> save /tmp/tmpbak.sql; Created file /tmp/tmpbak.sql
Oracle數據庫冷備份與熱備份操作梳理