上一篇文章直接就被移除首頁了，這次來點大家都能懂的幹貨.

需求

之前做一個winform的工具時候有以下幾個需求
1. 主窗體(或者叫平臺)可以安裝若幹類型的插件。
2. 插件關閉時候需要保存狀態。
3. 插件加載的時候可以加載上次關閉的配置。
4. 插件中的配置可以切換。
5. 主窗體本身保存當前插件，並且可以通過不同的配置文件切換插件

使用上最方便的做法是將配置給平臺來管理。但是平臺本身並不知道插件要保存怎樣的配置。針對以上問題在配置這個上做了如下設計

設計

1. 動態類型序列化以滿足插件的任何配置需要
2. 動態類型基本的就是dynamic,那麽我們需用字典作為實現
3. 支持具體的類進行序列化，那麽此時需要用xml保存類的元數據信息
4. 支持接口的序列化，此時也是保存實際類型的元數據信息
5. 支持List序列化
6. 支持Arry序列化
7. 支持Dictionary序列化

接口定義

其中PathOrSourceString 屬性這樣既可以支持文件，也可以直接支持字符串，擴展更加方便.

public interface IConfig
    {
        string PathOrSourceString { get; set; }

        dynamic Data { get; set; }
    }

動態類型實現

這裏是基於字典，網上有很多類似的代碼。

這裏字典的Value設計成dynamic是為了嵌套。

    [Serializable]
    public class DynamicDictionary : DynamicObject
    {
        private Dictionary<string, dynamic> _dictionary = new Dictionary<string, dynamic>();

        public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result)
        {
            string name = binder.Name;
            if (!_dictionary.ContainsKey(name))
            {
                _dictionary.Add(name, new DynamicDictionary());
            }
            return _dictionary.TryGetValue(name, out result);
        }

        public override bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value)
        {
            var key = binder.Name;
            if (_dictionary.ContainsKey(key))
                _dictionary[key] = value;
            else
            {
                _dictionary.Add(key, value);
            }


            return true;
        }

        public Dictionary<string, dynamic> Dictionary
        {
            get { return _dictionary; }
        }

        public void AddMember(string name, dynamic value)
        {
            _dictionary.Add(name, value);
        }
    }

配置的加載和保存邏輯(核心)

    public static class ConfigManager
    {
        public static IConfig LoadFromFile(this IConfig config)
        {
            if (config == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(config.PathOrSourceString))
                throw new ArgumentNullException("config");
            if (!File.Exists(config.PathOrSourceString))
            {
                return config;
            }
            var doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.Load(config.PathOrSourceString);
            var element = doc["Data"];
            config.Data = GetValue(element);
            return config;
        }

        public static IConfig SaveToFile(this IConfig config)
        {
            if (config == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(config.PathOrSourceString) || config.Data == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("config");
            var dir = Path.GetDirectoryName(config.PathOrSourceString);
            if (!Directory.Exists(dir))
                Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
            var doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.AppendChild(GetXml("Data", config.Data, doc));
            doc.Save(config.PathOrSourceString);
            return config;
        }

        public static IConfig LoadFromString(this IConfig config)
        {
            if (config == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(config.PathOrSourceString))
                throw new ArgumentNullException("config");
            var doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.LoadXml(config.PathOrSourceString);
            var element = doc["Data"];
            config.Data = GetValue(element);
            return config;
        }

        public static IConfig SaveToString(this IConfig config)
        {
            if (config == null || config.Data == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("config");
            var doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.AppendChild(GetXml("Data", config.Data, doc));
            config.PathOrSourceString = doc.OuterXml;
            return config;
        }

        #region 解析XmlElement

        public static dynamic GetValue(XmlElement element)
        {
            if (element == null)
                return null;

            Classify clasify;
            Enum.TryParse(element.GetAttribute("Classify"), out clasify);
            switch (clasify)
            {
                case Classify.Sample:
                    return GetSampleValue(element.GetAttribute("Assembly"), element.GetAttribute("Type"), element.InnerText);
                case Classify.Array:
                    return GetArrayValue(element.GetAttribute("ElementAssembly"), element.GetAttribute("ElementType"), element.GetChidlren());
                case Classify.List:
                    return GetListValue(element.GetAttribute("GenericAssembly"), element.GetAttribute("GenericType"), element.GetChidlren());
                case Classify.Dictionary:
                    return GetDictionaryValue(element.GetAttribute("KeyGenericAssembly"),
                        element.GetAttribute("KeyGenericType"),
                        element.GetAttribute("ValueGenericAssembly"),
                        element.GetAttribute("ValueGenericType"),
                        element.GetChidlren());
                case Classify.Dynamic:
                    return GetDynamicValue(element.GetChidlren());
                case Classify.Custom:
                    return GetCustomValue(element.GetAttribute("Assembly"), element.GetAttribute("Type"), element.GetChidlren());
            }

            return null;
        }
        public static object GetSampleValue(string assembly, string typeFullName, string value)
        {
            var type = Assembly.Load(assembly).GetType(typeFullName);
            if (type == null)
                return null;
            return CoralConvert.Convert(value, type);
        }
        public static object GetListValue(string genericAssembly, string genericTypeName, List<XmlElement> elements)
        {
            var genericType = Assembly.Load(genericAssembly).GetType(genericTypeName);
            var type = typeof(List<>).MakeGenericType(genericType);
            dynamic list = Activator.CreateInstance(type, true);

            foreach (var element in elements)
            {
                list.Add(GetValue(element));
            }
            return list;
        }
        public static object GetArrayValue(string elementAssembly, string elementTypeName, List<XmlElement> elements)
        {
            var elementType = Assembly.Load(elementAssembly).GetType(elementTypeName);
            dynamic list = Array.CreateInstance(elementType, elements.Count);
            for (int i = 0; i < elements.Count; i++)
            {
                list[i] = GetValue(elements[i]);
            }
            return list;
        }
        public static object GetDictionaryValue(string keyAssembly, string keyTypeName, string valueAssembly, string valueTypeName, List<XmlElement> elements)
        {
            var keyType = Assembly.Load(keyAssembly).GetType(keyTypeName);
            var valueType = Assembly.Load(valueAssembly).GetType(valueTypeName);
            var type = typeof(Dictionary<,>).MakeGenericType(keyType, valueType);
            dynamic dict = Activator.CreateInstance(type, true);
            foreach (var element in elements)
            {
                dict.Add(GetValue(element["Key"]), GetValue(element["Value"]));
            }
            return dict;
        }
        public static object GetDynamicValue(List<XmlElement> elements)
        {
            var dict = new DynamicDictionary();
            foreach (var element in elements)
            {
                dict.Dictionary.Add(GetValue(element["Key"]), GetValue(element["Value"]));
            }
            return dict;
        }
        public static object GetCustomValue(string assemblyFullName, string typeFullName, List<XmlElement> elements)
        {
            var type = Assembly.Load(assemblyFullName).GetType(typeFullName);
            if (type == null)
                return null;
            dynamic obj = Activator.CreateInstance(type, true);

            foreach (var element in elements)
            {
                var property = type.GetProperty(element.Name);
                object value;
                if (!CoralConvert.Convert(GetValue(element), property.PropertyType, out value))
                    continue;
                property.SetValue(obj, value);
            }

            return obj;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 創建XmlElement

        /// <summary>
        /// 創建xml元素
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <param name="doc"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static XmlElement GetXml(string name, object data, XmlDocument doc)
        {
            if (data == null)
                return null;
            if (data.GetType().IsValueType || data is string)
            {
                return GetValueTypeXml(name, data, doc);
            }
            var list = data as IList;
            if (list != null)
            {
                return GetIListXml(name, list, doc);
            }
            var dict = data as IDictionary;
            if (dict != null)
            {
                return GetIDictionaryXml(name, dict, doc);
            }
            var dynamic = data as DynamicDictionary;
            if (dynamic != null)
            {
                return GetDynamicXml(name, dynamic, doc);
            }
            return GetCustomXml(name, data, doc);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 創建簡單類型的xml元素
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <param name="doc"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static XmlElement GetValueTypeXml(string name, object data, XmlDocument doc)
        {
            if (data == null)
                return null;
            var element = doc.CreateElement(name);
            element.SetAttribute("Type", data.GetType().FullName);
            element.SetAttribute("Assembly", MetaDataManager.Assembly.GetAssemblySortName(data.GetType().Assembly));
            element.SetAttribute("Classify", Classify.Sample.ToString());
            element.InnerText = data.ToString();
            return element;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取列表類型的xml
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <param name="datas"></param>
        /// <param name="doc"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static XmlElement GetIListXml(string name, object datas, XmlDocument doc)
        {
            if (datas == null)
                return null;
            var element = doc.CreateElement(name);
            if (datas.GetType().IsArray)
            {
                element.SetAttribute("Type", typeof(Array).FullName);
                element.SetAttribute("Classify", Classify.Array.ToString());
                element.SetAttribute("ElementType", datas.GetType().GetElementType().FullName);
                element.SetAttribute("ElementAssembly", datas.GetType().GetElementType().Assembly.FullName);
            }
            else
            {
                element.SetAttribute("Type", typeof(IList).FullName);
                element.SetAttribute("Classify", Classify.List.ToString());
                element.SetAttribute("GenericType", datas.GetType().GenericTypeArguments[0].FullName);
                element.SetAttribute("GenericAssembly", datas.GetType().GenericTypeArguments[0].Assembly.FullName);
            }
            foreach (var data in (IList)datas)
            {
                element.AppendChild(GetXml("Element", data, doc));
            }
            return element;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 創建動態類型的xml
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <param name="doc"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static XmlElement GetDynamicXml(string name, dynamic data, XmlDocument doc)
        {
            if (data == null)
                return null;
            var element = doc.CreateElement(name);
            element.SetAttribute("Type", "dynamic");
            element.SetAttribute("Classify", Classify.Dynamic.ToString());
            foreach (DictionaryEntry item in (IDictionary)data.Dictionary)
            {
                var child = doc.CreateElement("Element");
                child.AppendChild(GetXml("Key", item.Key ?? string.Empty, doc));
                child.AppendChild(GetXml("Value", item.Value ?? string.Empty, doc));
                element.AppendChild(child);
            }
            return element;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 創建字典類型的xml
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <param name="datas"></param>
        /// <param name="doc"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static XmlElement GetIDictionaryXml(string name, object datas, XmlDocument doc)
        {
            if (datas == null)
                return null;
            var element = doc.CreateElement(name);
            element.SetAttribute("Type", typeof(IDictionary).FullName);
            element.SetAttribute("Classify", Classify.Dictionary.ToString());
            element.SetAttribute("KeyGenericAssembly", datas.GetType().GetGenericArguments()[0].Assembly.FullName);
            element.SetAttribute("KeyGenericType", datas.GetType().GetGenericArguments()[0].FullName);
            element.SetAttribute("ValueGenericAssembly", datas.GetType().GetGenericArguments()[1].Assembly.FullName);
            element.SetAttribute("ValueGenericType", datas.GetType().GetGenericArguments()[1].FullName);
            foreach (DictionaryEntry data in (IDictionary)datas)
            {
                var child = doc.CreateElement("Element");
                child.AppendChild(GetXml("Key", data.Key ?? string.Empty, doc));
                child.AppendChild(GetXml("Value", data.Value ?? string.Empty, doc));
                element.AppendChild(child);
            }
            return element;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 創建自定義類
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <param name="doc"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static XmlElement GetCustomXml(string name, object data, XmlDocument doc)
        {
            if (data == null)
                return null;
            var element = doc.CreateElement(name);
            element.SetAttribute("Assembly",MetaDataManager.Assembly.GetAssemblySortName(data.GetType().Assembly));
            element.SetAttribute("Type", data.GetType().FullName);
            element.SetAttribute("Classify", Classify.Custom.ToString());
            data.GetType().GetProperties().ForEach(property =>
            {
                var item = GetXml(property.Name, property.GetValue(data), doc);
                if (item != null)
                    element.AppendChild(item);
            });
            return element;
        }

        #endregion

        public enum Classify
        {
            Sample,
            List,
            Array,
            Dictionary,
            Dynamic,
            Custom,
        }
        public static List<XmlElement> GetChidlren(this XmlElement element)
        {
            return element.Cast<XmlElement>().ToList();
        }
    }

核心思路就是遞歸，充分利用元數據

測試代碼

 public class XmlConfig : IConfig
    {
        public string PathOrSourceString { get; set; }
        public dynamic Data { get; set; }
    }

    public interface ITestModel
    {

        string Name { get; set; }

        string DataType { get; set; }

        string Data { get; set; }


    }

    public class TestConfig
    {
        public ITestModel Model { get; set; }

        public  List<ITestModel> List { get; set; }
        public Dictionary<string, ITestModel> Dict { get; set; }
    }



    public class TestModel: ITestModel
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public string DataType { get; set; }

        public string Data { get; set; }

        public List<ITestModel> List { get; set; }
        public Dictionary<string, ITestModel> Dict { get; set; }
    }


    public class ConfigTest
    {
        public static void PerformanceTest()
        {
            var xmlconfig = new XmlConfig();

            xmlconfig.PathOrSourceString = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Configs", "test1.Config");

            #region list 類，字典測試
            
            var testModel=   new TestModel()
            {
                Name = "1",
                DataType = "1",
                Data = "1",
                List = new List<ITestModel>
                {
                    new TestModel
                    {
                        Name = "2",
                        DataType = "2",
                        Data = "2",
                    },
                    new TestModel
                    {
                        Name = "3",
                        DataType = "3",
                        Data = "3",
                    },
                },
                Dict = new Dictionary<string, ITestModel>
                {
                    {"4", new TestModel
                            {
                                Name = "4",
                                DataType = "4",
                                Data = "4",
                            }
                     },
                    {"5", new TestModel
                            {
                                Name = "5",
                                DataType = "5",
                                Data = "5",
                            }
                     },
                }
            };
            #endregion

            xmlconfig.Data = new TestConfig()
            {
                Model = testModel,
                Dict = new Dictionary<string, ITestModel>()
                {
                    {"1",testModel },
                    {"2",testModel }
                },
                List = new List<ITestModel> { testModel,testModel}
            };


            #region 動態類型，類，list，字典總和測試

            xmlconfig.Data = new DynamicDictionary();

            xmlconfig.Data.Name = "Test1";
            xmlconfig.Data.DataType = "Test1";

            xmlconfig.Data.List = new List<TestModel>
            {
                new TestModel
                {
                    Name = "2",
                    DataType = "2",
                    Data = "2",
                },
                new TestModel
                {
                    Name = "3",
                    DataType = "3",
                    Data = "3",
                },
            };
            xmlconfig.Data.Dict = new Dictionary<string, TestModel>
            {
                {
                    "4", new TestModel
                    {
                        Name = "4",
                        DataType = "4",
                        Data = "4",
                    }
                },
                {
                    "5", new TestModel
                    {
                        Name = "5",
                        DataType = "5",
                        Data = "5",
                    }
                },
            };
            xmlconfig.Data.Other.Name = "Test1";
            xmlconfig.Data.Other.DataType = "Test1";

            #endregion

            xmlconfig.SaveToFile();


            var data = new XmlConfig();

            data.PathOrSourceString = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Configs", "test1.Config");
            data.LoadFromFile();
        }

　配置文件為

<Data Type="dynamic" Classify="Dynamic">
  <Element>
    <Key Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">Name</Key>
    <Value Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">Test1</Value>
  </Element>
  <Element>
    <Key Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">DataType</Key>
    <Value Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">Test1</Value>
  </Element>
  <Element>
    <Key Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">List</Key>
    <Value Type="System.Collections.IList" Classify="List" GenericType="RunnerTest.Common.TestModel" GenericAssembly="RunnerTest, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null">
      <Element Assembly="RunnerTest" Type="RunnerTest.Common.TestModel" Classify="Custom">
        <Name Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">2</Name>
        <DataType Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">2</DataType>
        <Data Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">2</Data>
      </Element>
      <Element Assembly="RunnerTest" Type="RunnerTest.Common.TestModel" Classify="Custom">
        <Name Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">3</Name>
        <DataType Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">3</DataType>
        <Data Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">3</Data>
      </Element>
    </Value>
  </Element>
  <Element>
    <Key Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">Dict</Key>
    <Value Type="System.Collections.IDictionary" Classify="Dictionary" KeyGenericAssembly="mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" KeyGenericType="System.String" ValueGenericAssembly="RunnerTest, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" ValueGenericType="RunnerTest.Common.TestModel">
      <Element>
        <Key Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">4</Key>
        <Value Assembly="RunnerTest" Type="RunnerTest.Common.TestModel" Classify="Custom">
          <Name Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">4</Name>
          <DataType Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">4</DataType>
          <Data Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">4</Data>
        </Value>
      </Element>
      <Element>
        <Key Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">5</Key>
        <Value Assembly="RunnerTest" Type="RunnerTest.Common.TestModel" Classify="Custom">
          <Name Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">5</Name>
          <DataType Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">5</DataType>
          <Data Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">5</Data>
        </Value>
      </Element>
    </Value>
  </Element>
  <Element>
    <Key Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">Other</Key>
    <Value Type="dynamic" Classify="Dynamic">
      <Element>
        <Key Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">Name</Key>
        <Value Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">Test1</Value>
      </Element>
      <Element>
        <Key Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">DataType</Key>
        <Value Type="System.String" Assembly="mscorlib" Classify="Sample">Test1</Value>
      </Element>
    </Value>
  </Element>
</Data>

說明

最大的用處，你拿到一個對象未知的對象，並不需要知道他的實際類型，就可以進行持久化，並且讀取出來之後能夠還原到原始類型。

實現這部分我覺得在於以下幾個點

1. 對元數據的充分理解
2. 對xml結構的充分理解
3. 需要一點寫算法的能力

我覺得代碼本身並不復雜，只要耐心單步調試都能看懂。

當然這個是有一定限制的：

1. 可讀性不強,所以在需要從文件進行修改配置比較麻煩

2.不可跨系統，文件中類型從程序集加載不到時就會出錯

3.性能不高.性能敏感的部分不太適合

所以這部分功能需要結合業務場景使用，在我這裏，包含作業調度系統，統計系統,接口測試工具中有使用.

這其實特別想WSDL的Soap協議，文件中既包含元數據的說明,又包含數據本身.真個元數據變成也是一個做設計時候一個重要思想。

動態類型序列化