1. 程式人生 > >泛型DAO

泛型DAO

gets 返回 取消 not seda drive 傳遞 bject conn

最近正在學習泛型DAO,通過網上查閱資料,匯總並自己整理了一下。提前需要學習的知識java反射、泛型

用到的反射如下:

Class<T>類 是java.lang包下,Class類的實例表示正在運行的 Java 應用中的類和接口。

Type接口 是java.lang.reflect包下的是Java類型的通用超級接口。這些包括原始類型,參數化類型,數組類型和類型變量

ParameterizedType接口 是java.lang.reflect包下是Type的子接口,表示一個參數化類型,如Collection<String>

Field類 是java.lang.reflect包下,提供有關類或接口的單個字段的信息,以及對它的動態訪問權限。反射的字段可能是一個類(靜態)字段或實體字段

AccessibleObject類 是java.lang.reflect包下,是Filed、Method和Constructor對象的基類。提供了將反射的對象標記為在使用時取消默認 Java語言訪問控制檢查的能力

有人肯定會問什麽是參數化類型?

參數化類型就是一個編譯器可以自動定制作用於特定類型上的類,個人理解就是泛型

什麽是原始類型?

一個原始類型就是一個沒有任何類型參數的泛型類或者泛型接口的名字。

eg:List<E> 是一個泛型接口,List<String>是一個參數化的類型,List就是一個原生類型

ParameterizedType type = (ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass();

//getGenericSuperclass() 返回此Class 所有的實體(類、接口、基本類型或者void)的直接超類的 Type

Class<T> entityClass = (Class<T>) type.getActualTypeArguments()[0];

//getActualTypeArguments() 返回此類型的實際類型參數的數組Type對象

getDeclaredFields() 返回 Field 對象的一個數組,這些對象所表示的類或接口所聲明的所有字段。(公共、保護、默認、私有字段,不包括繼承的字段)

newInstance() 創建此 Class 對象的新實例

setAccessible(boolean flag) 值為 true 則指示反射的對象在使用時應該取消 Java 語言訪問檢查。值為 false 則實施訪問檢查

下面是泛型DAO的源碼

User實體類:

 1 package zhr.bean;
 2 
 3 public class User {
 4     private int id;
 5     private String username;
 6     private String password;
 7 
 8     public int getId() {
 9         return id;
10     }
11 
12     public void setId(int id) {
13         this.id = id;
14     }
15 
16     public String getUsername() {
17         return username;
18     }
19 
20     public void setUsername(String username) {
21         this.username = username;
22     }
23 
24     public String getPassword() {
25         return password;
26     }
27 
28     public void setPassword(String password) {
29         this.password = password;
30     }
31 
32     @Override
33     public String toString() {
34         return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + "]";
35     }
36 
37 }

BaseDao接口:

 1 package zhr.dao;
 2 
 3 public interface BaseDao<T> {
 4     T selectByID(int id);
 5 
 6     T select(T t);
 7 
 8     void add(T t);
 9 
10     void update(T t);
11 
12     void delete(T t);
13 }

UserDao接口:

1 package zhr.dao;
2 
3 import java.util.List;
4 
5 import zhr.bean.User;
6 
7 public interface UserDao extends BaseDao<User> {
8     List<User> findAll();
9 }

BaseDaoImpl實現類:

  1 package zhr.daoimpl;
  2 
  3 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  4 import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
  5 import java.sql.Connection;
  6 import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
  7 import java.sql.ResultSet;
  8 import java.sql.SQLException;
  9 
 10 import util.ConnectionManager;
 11 import zhr.dao.BaseDao;
 12 
 13 public class BaseDaoImpl<T> implements BaseDao<T> {
 14 
 15     private Connection conn;
 16     private PreparedStatement ps;
 17     private ResultSet rs;
 18     private Class<T> EntityClass;// 獲取實體類
 19 
 20     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 21     public BaseDaoImpl() {
 22         /**
 23          * 傳遞User就是 zhr.daoimpl.BaseDaoImpl<zhr.bean.User> 傳遞Shop就是
 24          * zhr.daoimpl.BaseDaoImpl<zhr.bean.Shop>
 25          */
 26         ParameterizedType type = (ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
 27         System.out.println(type);
 28         /**
 29          * 這裏如果傳遞的是User.那麽就是zhr.bean.User 如果傳遞的是Shop. 那麽就是zhr.bean.Shop
 30          * 
 31          */
 32 
 33         EntityClass = (Class<T>) type.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
 34         System.out.println(EntityClass);
 35     }
 36 
 37     @Override
 38     public T selectByID(int id) {
 39         StringBuffer sqlb = new StringBuffer();
 40         // 通過反射獲取實體類中的所有變量
 41         Field fields[] = EntityClass.getDeclaredFields();
 42         sqlb.append("select * from " + EntityClass.getSimpleName() + " where id=?");
 43         T obj = null;
 44         try {
 45             conn = ConnectionManager.getConnection();
 46             ps = conn.prepareStatement(sqlb.toString());
 47             ps.setInt(1, id);
 48             rs = ps.executeQuery();
 49             fields = EntityClass.getDeclaredFields();
 50             while (rs.next()) {
 51                 obj = EntityClass.newInstance();
 52                 for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
 53                     fields[i].setAccessible(true);
 54                     fields[i].set(obj, rs.getObject(fields[i].getName()));
 55                 }
 56             }
 57 
 58         } catch (SQLException e) {
 59             e.printStackTrace();
 60         } catch (InstantiationException e) {
 61             e.printStackTrace();
 62         } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
 63             e.printStackTrace();
 64         }
 65         return obj;
 66     }
 67 
 68     @Override
 69     public T select(T t) {
 70         StringBuffer sqlb = new StringBuffer();
 71         // 通過反射獲取實體類中的所有變量
 72         Field fields[] = EntityClass.getDeclaredFields();
 73         sqlb.append("select * from " + EntityClass.getSimpleName() + " where id=?");
 74         T obj = null;
 75         try {
 76             conn = ConnectionManager.getConnection();
 77             ps = conn.prepareStatement(sqlb.toString());
 78             fields[0].setAccessible(true);
 79             ps.setInt(1, (int) fields[0].get(t));
 80             rs = ps.executeQuery();
 81             fields = EntityClass.getDeclaredFields();
 82             while (rs.next()) {
 83                 obj = EntityClass.newInstance();
 84                 for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
 85                     fields[i].setAccessible(true);
 86                     fields[i].set(obj, rs.getObject(fields[i].getName()));
 87                 }
 88             }
 89 
 90         } catch (SQLException e) {
 91             e.printStackTrace();
 92         } catch (InstantiationException e) {
 93             e.printStackTrace();
 94         } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
 95             e.printStackTrace();
 96         }
 97         return obj;
 98     }
 99 
100     // insert into User(id,username,password) values (?,?,?);
101     @Override
102     public void add(T t) {
103         StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer();
104         Field fields[] = EntityClass.getDeclaredFields();
105         sql.append("insert into " + EntityClass.getSimpleName());
106         sql.append("(");
107         for (int i = 0; fields != null && i < fields.length; i++) {
108             fields[i].setAccessible(true); // 這句話必須要有,否則會拋出異常.
109             String column = fields[i].getName();
110             sql.append(column).append(",");
111         }
112         sql = sql.deleteCharAt(sql.length() - 1);// 刪除最後一個,
113         sql.append(") values (");
114         for (int i = 0; fields != null && i < fields.length; i++) {
115             sql.append("?,");
116         }
117         sql.deleteCharAt(sql.length() - 1);// 刪除最後一個,
118         sql.append(")");
119         try {
120             conn = ConnectionManager.getConnection();
121             ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
122             Object obj[] = new Object[fields.length];
123             for (int i = 0; obj != null && i < fields.length; i++) {
124                 fields[i].setAccessible(true);// AccessibleTest類中的成員變量為private,故必須進行此操
125                 obj[i] = fields[i].get(t);
126             }
127 
128             for (int i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
129                 ps.setObject(i + 1, obj[i]);
130             }
131             ps.executeUpdate();
132             System.out.println("添加成功");
133 
134         } catch (SQLException e) {
135             e.printStackTrace();
136         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
137             e.printStackTrace();
138         } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
139             e.printStackTrace();
140         } finally {
141             try {
142                 ps.close();
143             } catch (SQLException e) {
144                 e.printStackTrace();
145             }
146             try {
147                 conn.close();
148             } catch (SQLException e) {
149                 e.printStackTrace();
150             }
151         }
152 
153     }
154 
155     // update User set username=?,password=? where id=?
156     @Override
157     public void update(T t) {
158         StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer();
159         Field fields[] = EntityClass.getDeclaredFields();
160         sql.append("update " + EntityClass.getSimpleName() + " set ");
161         for (int i = 0; fields != null && i < fields.length; i++) {
162             fields[i].setAccessible(true);
163             String column = fields[i].getName();
164             if (column.equals("id")) {
165                 continue;
166             }
167             sql.append(column).append("=").append("?,");
168         }
169         sql.deleteCharAt(sql.length() - 1);
170         sql.append(" where id=?");
171 
172         try {
173             conn = ConnectionManager.getConnection();
174             ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
175 
176             Object Tempobj[] = new Object[fields.length];
177             for (int i = 0; Tempobj != null && i < fields.length; i++) {
178                 fields[i].setAccessible(true);
179                 Tempobj[i] = fields[i].get(t);
180             }
181             Object obj[] = new Object[fields.length];
182             System.arraycopy(Tempobj, 1, obj, 0, Tempobj.length - 1);
183             obj[obj.length - 1] = Tempobj[0];
184 
185             for (int i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
186                 ps.setObject(i + 1, obj[i]);
187             }
188 
189             ps.executeUpdate();
190             System.out.println("更新成功");
191 
192         } catch (SQLException e) {
193             e.printStackTrace();
194         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
195             e.printStackTrace();
196         } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
197             e.printStackTrace();
198         } finally {
199             try {
200                 ps.close();
201             } catch (SQLException e) {
202                 e.printStackTrace();
203             }
204             try {
205                 conn.close();
206             } catch (SQLException e) {
207                 e.printStackTrace();
208             }
209         }
210 
211     }
212 
213     @Override
214     public void delete(T t) {
215         StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer();
216         Field fields[] = EntityClass.getDeclaredFields();
217 
218         sql.append("delete from " + EntityClass.getSimpleName() + " where id=?");
219 
220         try {
221             conn = ConnectionManager.getConnection();
222             ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
223 
224             Object obj[] = new Object[1];
225             fields[0].setAccessible(true);
226             obj[0] = fields[0].get(t);
227 
228             for (int i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {// 設置參數
229                 ps.setObject(i + 1, obj[i]);
230             }
231 
232             ps.executeUpdate();
233             System.out.println("刪除成功");
234 
235         } catch (SQLException e) {
236             e.printStackTrace();
237         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
238             e.printStackTrace();
239         } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
240             e.printStackTrace();
241         } finally {
242             try {
243                 ps.close();
244             } catch (SQLException e) {
245                 e.printStackTrace();
246             }
247             try {
248                 conn.close();
249             } catch (SQLException e) {
250                 e.printStackTrace();
251             }
252         }
253 
254     }
255 
256 }

UserDaoImpl實現類:

 1 package zhr.daoimpl;
 2 
 3 import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
 4 import java.sql.Connection;
 5 import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
 6 import java.sql.ResultSet;
 7 import java.util.ArrayList;
 8 import java.util.List;
 9 
10 import util.ConnectionManager;
11 import zhr.bean.User;
12 import zhr.dao.UserDao;
13 
14 public class UserDaoImpl extends BaseDaoImpl<User> implements UserDao {
15 
16     private Connection conn;
17     private PreparedStatement ps;
18     private ResultSet rs;
19     private Class<User> EntityClass;// 獲取實體類
20     private List<User> list;
21     private String sql;
22 
23     public UserDaoImpl() {
24         /**
25          * 傳遞User就是 com.example.daoimp.BaseDaoImpl<com.example.bean.User> 傳遞Shop就是
26          * com.example.daoimp.BaseDaoImpl<com.example.bean.Shop>
27          */
28         ParameterizedType type = (ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
29         /**
30          * 這裏如果傳遞的是User.那麽就是class com.example.bean.User 如果傳遞的是Shop. 那麽就是class
31          * com.example.bean.Shop
32          */
33 
34         EntityClass = (Class<User>) type.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
35     }
36 
37     @Override
38     public List<User> findAll() {
39         StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();
40         list = new ArrayList<User>();
41         sql = b.append("select * from " + EntityClass.getSimpleName()).toString();
42         try {
43             conn = ConnectionManager.getConnection();
44             ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
45             rs = ps.executeQuery();
46             while (rs.next()) {
47                 User user = new User();
48                 user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
49                 user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
50                 user.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
51                 list.add(user);
52             }
53         } catch (Exception e) {
54             e.printStackTrace();
55         }
56         return list;
57     }
58 
59 }

ConnectionManager工具類:

 1 package util;
 2 
 3 import java.sql.Connection;
 4 import java.sql.DriverManager;
 5 import java.sql.SQLException;
 6 
 7 public class ConnectionManager {
 8     public static Connection getConnection() {
 9         Connection conn = null;
10         String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
11         String username = "root";
12         String password = "root";
13         try {
14             Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
15             conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
16         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
17             e.printStackTrace();
18             System.out.println("沒有找到文件");
19         } catch (SQLException e) {
20             e.printStackTrace();
21             System.out.println("sql異常");
22         }
23         return conn;
24     }
25 }

測試類:

ackage zhr.test;

import java.util.List;

import zhr.bean.User;
import zhr.dao.UserDao;
import zhr.daoimpl.UserDaoImpl;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<User> list = null;
        UserDaoImpl imp = new UserDaoImpl();
        list = imp.findAll();
        for (User user : list) {
            System.out.println(user.getId() + " " + user.getUsername() + " " + user.getPassword());
        }
        // 查詢
        User ua = (User) imp.selectByID(1);// 通過id查詢User
        System.out.println(ua.getClass().getSimpleName());
        System.out.println(ua);
        System.out.println(ua.getId() + " " + ua.getUsername() + " " + ua.getPassword());

        /*
         * 添加操作 User user = new User(); user.setId(11); user.setUsername("zhr");
         * user.setPassword("123456"); imp.add(user);
         */

        /*
         * 更新操作 User user1 = new User(); user1.setId(1); user1.setUsername("hhh");
         * user1.setPassword("123"); imp.update(user1);
         */

        /*
         * 刪除操作 User user2 = new User(); user2.setId(11); user2.setUsername("zhr");
         * user2.setPassword("123456"); imp.delete(user2);
         */

    }
}

時隔一年,再次寫博客,希望大家互相支持,相互學習,有不對的地方可以評論留言。記得粉我噢~謝謝大家。

泛型DAO