Python隨筆(二)、python基礎
源自:http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/4906230.html
一、接收執行參數
sys.argv 接收執行參數的函數
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: sysargv.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
import sys
print (sys.argv)
執行結果
[root@python3 ~]# python index.py 8000
[‘index.py‘, ‘8000‘]
[root@python3 ~]# python index.py runserver
[‘index.py‘, ‘runserver‘]
列表,元祖:
區別,列表可以被修改,元祖不能被修改,列表包含元祖
元祖的元素不能被修改,元祖的元素的元素可以被修改。如下程序所示
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: tuple.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
t1 = (1,2,{‘k1‘:‘v1‘})
#t1[2][‘k1‘] = 2
#print(t1)
t1[2] = 123
print(t1)
執行報錯:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/S12/2017-11-19/tuple.py", line 11, in <module>
t1[2] = 123
TypeError: ‘tuple‘ object does not support item assignment
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: tuple.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
t1 = (1,2,{‘k1‘:‘v1‘})
t1[2][‘k1‘] = 2
print(t1)
執行結果:
(1, 2, {‘k1‘: 2})
Process finished with exit code 0
對於python,一切事物皆是對象,對象基於類創建
字符串常用功能:
移除空白 strip
分割 slipt
長度 len
索引 index
切片 [1:] [2:5] [:-1]
4、列表
創建列表:
123 | name_list = [ ‘alex‘ , ‘seven‘ , ‘eric‘ ] 或 name_list = list ([ ‘alex‘ , ‘seven‘ , ‘eric‘ ]) |
基本操作:
索引 index
追加 append
刪除 del
長度 len
切片 [1:] [2:5] [:-1]
循環 for while
包含 in
5、元祖
創建元祖:
123 | ages = ( 11 , 22 , 33 , 44 , 55 ) 或 ages = tuple (( 11 , 22 , 33 , 44 , 55 )) |
基本操作:
索引 index
切片 [1:] [2:5] [:-1]
循環 for while
長度 len
包含 in
6、字典(無序)
創建字典:
123 | person = { "name" : "mr.wu" , ‘age‘ : 18 } 或 person = dict ({ "name" : "mr.wu" , ‘age‘ : 18 }) |
常用操作:
索引
新增
刪除 del pop remove
鍵、值、鍵值對 keys values items
循環 for while
長度 len
PS:循環,range,continue 和 break
int常用功能介紹:
age = int(18)
shift + 鼠標指向int,查看內置函數
求商和余數,執行結果得到兩個數的元祖
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: divmod.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
all_list = 95
pager = 10
result = all_list.__divmod__(10)
print(result)
執行結果:
(9, 5)
字典:
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: dic.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘}
print(dic[‘k1‘])
print(dic[‘k2‘])
#print(dic[‘k3‘])
print(dic.get(‘k3‘,‘default‘))
for循環取k,v值
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: dic.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘,‘k3‘:‘v3‘}
print(dic[‘k1‘])
print(dic[‘k2‘])
print(dic[‘k3‘])
for k in dic.keys():
print(k)
for v in dic.values():
print(v)
for k,v in dic.items():
print(k,v)
執行結果:
v1
v2
v3
k1
k2
k3
v1
v2
v3
k1 v1
k2 v2
k3 v3
pop參數,必須指定一個值,因為字典是無序的,接上文截圖
result = dic.pop(‘k3‘)
print(result)
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: dictionary.py
@time: 2017/11/19
"""
‘‘‘
有如下集合[11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,110,121,132,143,154,165,176,187],將所有大於66的值保存在字典的第一個key中,將小於66的值保存在第二個key的值中
即:{‘k1‘:大於66,‘k2‘:小於66}
‘‘‘
dic = {}
all_list = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,110,121,132,143,154,165,176,187]
for i in all_list:
if i > 66:
if "k1" in dic.keys():
dic["k1"].append(i)
else:
dic[‘k1‘] = [i,]
else:
if "k2" in dic.keys():
dic["k2"].append(i)
else:
dic[‘k2‘] = [i,]
print(dic[‘k1‘])
print(dic[‘k2‘])
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Python隨筆(二)、python基礎