.net中，處於安全的考慮，RSACryptoServiceProvider類，解密時只有同時擁有公鑰和私鑰才可以。原因是公鑰是公開的，會被多人持有。這樣的數據傳輸是不安全的。C#RSA私鑰加密，公鑰解密出錯的原因!

C#中用RSA算法生成公鑰和私鑰

方法一：

公鑰密鑰生成後，保存在同名文件夾下面，如下圖：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;//必須引用

namespace RSA
{
    class Program
    {
        
 
static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
            using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("PrivateKey.xml"))  //這個文件要保密...
            {
                writer.WriteLine(rsa.ToXmlString(true));
            }
            
 
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("PublicKey.xml"))
           {
                writer.WriteLine(rsa.ToXmlString(false));
           }
        }
    }
}

方法二：

    public static void GKEY()//(計算機)生成密鑰 GKEY(generate key),generate the RSA public and private keys
    {
        using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new
 
 RSACryptoServiceProvider())
        {
            string publicKey = rsa.ToXmlString(false); // 公鑰
            string privateKey = rsa.ToXmlString(true); // 私鑰
        }
    }

直接斷點調式復制公鑰密鑰出來用

RSA加密解密類

#region RSA
    /// <summary>
    /// RSA加密
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="publickey"></param>
    /// <param name="content"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string RSAEncrypt(string publickey, string content)
    {
        publickey = @"<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>0wE26IHp4U9OLtPhJ+fT8ej6aWORFP8pd++MjUuhkQQm/zhcImbxQbjxtSAftz+kkDwGDFJpSldQPyigOGcUx7PofTc6VhiFik9E9SsxV9n0iEEtqUndDfmBJfPAWt+4UDMwKakgZqFoapDuwjKlTErFvKCyKCs+qN9OZvZwKWk=</Modulus><Exponent>AQAB</Exponent></RSAKeyValue>";
        RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        byte[] cipherbytes;
        rsa.FromXmlString(publickey);
        cipherbytes = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content), false);

        return Convert.ToBase64String(cipherbytes);

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// RSA解密
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="privatekey"></param>
    /// <param name="content"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string RSADecrypt(string privatekey, string content)
    {
        privatekey = @"<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>0wE26IHp4U9OLtPhJ+fT8ej6aWORFP8pd++MjUuhkQQm/zhcImbxQbjxtSAftz+kkDwGDFJpSldQPyigOGcUx7PofTc6VhiFik9E9SsxV9n0iEEtqUndDfmBJfPAWt+4UDMwKakgZqFoapDuwjKlTErFvKCyKCs+qN9OZvZwKWk=</Modulus><Exponent>AQAB</Exponent><P>8Ei6NIsZtgV3DQjuGHfGLS6o1O+IUXxzjqLxdMm77yhEPUxR9YPIxODJ2VVTddXSAHxViJJt30yJ7JhVz6cpQw==</P><Q>4M49NrmalgVQFMsea2RMB1qN8fAPfIw5G9q9hzsLcWSCmkeRRIQlvPYflVEKAYKiDVVzENETbnnduFXWBABx4w==</Q><DP>t+JQbemN0Zi5FQaif6MZzHYKynpNTl75aE0Wj5Pa+RlNr8N6bXNe8Bw/HM2Jw4HQ5oJASvYUk3DVlHS4JuP8VQ==</DP><DQ>lT62iv9brp9mU/epgVh71SH8PJPIZEJfo6tryjyb0zMMNcqvmZI1z6aCv0mm3+vPFBUXqCF1yhFj7n4l8FAvSw==</DQ><InverseQ>flrvgxHvf4l+fdymEVDgKjsfGqshOpppoNgZj9kpeWBto3o8z++Ki6eSLQT3nVnpx2QCZeTWkxTED4nhSLKscw==</InverseQ><D>cQTCg1Eqk7sltmFYxUYgOP/AOPjSufteG9acYwYymPkvZh6rAuY+rSRBmvGE62NUYskzuB/gM6iG2/2HrA5SixfNgCvZ+nsK+kX5pzQRsYdD71ViQW0hOanXwj45I2zHRgBiuTtCUP0fs5pISmQkaeJkDL5pO2l+wvlgl+wunj0=</D></RSAKeyValue>";
        RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        byte[] cipherbytes;
        rsa.FromXmlString(privatekey);
        cipherbytes = rsa.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(content), false);

        return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(cipherbytes);
    }
    #endregion

如何將公鑰為XML格式轉為PEM格式？

需要依賴一個第三方庫，叫BouncyCastle
在線獲取安裝包的代碼如下：

PM > Install-Package BouncyCastle

如果不知道怎麽打開vs2013 控制臺的請看下面
tips：打開VS2013控制臺方法

打開VS2013控制臺方法.png

方法一：在線轉換

請點擊這裏跳轉>>在線轉換

如何將密鑰XML格式和PEM格式互轉？【tips：這裏說的是密鑰，公鑰使用其他方法】

一、將XML格式密鑰轉PEM

 public static void XMLConvertToPEM()//XML格式密鑰轉PEM
    {
        var rsa2 = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        using (var sr = new StreamReader("e:\\PrivateKey.xml"))
        {
            rsa2.FromXmlString(sr.ReadToEnd());
        }
        var p = rsa2.ExportParameters(true);

        var key = new RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters(
            new BigInteger(1, p.Modulus), new BigInteger(1, p.Exponent), new BigInteger(1, p.D),
            new BigInteger(1, p.P), new BigInteger(1, p.Q), new BigInteger(1, p.DP), new BigInteger(1, p.DQ),
            new BigInteger(1, p.InverseQ));

        using (var sw = new StreamWriter("e:\\PrivateKey.pem"))
        {
            var pemWriter = new Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl.PemWriter(sw);
            pemWriter.WriteObject(key);
        }
    }

一、將PEM格式密鑰轉XML

public static void PEMConvertToXML()//PEM格式密鑰轉XML
    {
        AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keyPair;
        using (var sr = new StreamReader("e:\\PrivateKey.pem"))
        {
            var pemReader = new Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl.PemReader(sr);
            keyPair = (AsymmetricCipherKeyPair)pemReader.ReadObject();
        }
        var key = (RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters)keyPair.Private;
        var p = new RSAParameters
        {
            Modulus = key.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
            Exponent = key.PublicExponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
            D = key.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
            P = key.P.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
            Q = key.Q.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
            DP = key.DP.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
            DQ = key.DQ.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
            InverseQ = key.QInv.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
        };
        var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        rsa.ImportParameters(p);
        using (var sw = new StreamWriter("e:\\PrivateKey.xml"))
        {
            sw.Write(rsa.ToXmlString(true));
        }
    }

請點擊：參考

其他【tips：待測試】

CER和pfx證書的生成和使用

C#RSA算法實現+如何將公鑰為XML格式轉為PEM格式，給object-C使用