Python之路【第八篇】:堡壘機實例以及數據庫操作
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-01-10
流程 plain ima update 相關操作 tcs tmp int /tmp
堡壘機前戲
開發堡壘機之前,先來學習Python的paramiko模塊,該模塊機遇SSH用於連接遠程服務器並執行相關操作
SSHClient
用於連接遠程服務器並執行基本命令
基於用戶名密碼連接:
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import paramiko
# 創建SSH對象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允許連接不在know_hosts文件中的主機
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 連接服務器
ssh.connect(hostname = ‘c1.salt.com‘ , port = 22 , username = ‘wupeiqi‘ , password = ‘123‘ )
# 執行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( ‘df‘ )
# 獲取命令結果
result = stdout.read()
# 關閉連接
ssh.close()
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import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport((‘hostname‘, 22)) transport.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘, password=‘123‘) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘) print stdout.read() transport.close()
基於公鑰密鑰連接:
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file( ‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘ )
# 創建SSH對象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允許連接不在know_hosts文件中的主機
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 連接服務器
ssh.connect(hostname = ‘c1.salt.com‘ , port = 22 , username = ‘wupeiqi‘ , key = private_key)
# 執行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( ‘df‘ )
# 獲取命令結果
result = stdout.read()
# 關閉連接
ssh.close()
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import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘) transport = paramiko.Transport((‘hostname‘, 22)) transport.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘, pkey=private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘) transport.close()
import paramiko from io import StringIO key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAq7gLsqYArAFco02/55IgNg0r7NXOtEM3qXpb/dabJ5Uyky/8 NEHhFiQ7deHIRIuTW5Zb0kD6h6EBbVlUMBmwJrC2oSzySLU1w+ZNfH0PE6W6fans H80whhuc/YgP+fjiO+VR/gFcqib8Rll5UfYzf5H8uuOnDeIXGCVgyHQSmt8if1+e 7hn1MVO1Lrm9Fco8ABI7dyv8/ZEwoSfh2C9rGYgA58LT1FkBRkOePbHD43xNfAYC tfLvz6LErMnwdOW4sNMEWWAWv1fsTB35PAm5CazfKzmam9n5IQXhmUNcNvmaZtvP c4f4g59mdsaWNtNaY96UjOfx83Om86gmdkKcnwIDAQABAoIBAQCnDBGFJuv8aA7A ZkBLe+GN815JtOyye7lIS1n2I7En3oImoUWNaJEYwwJ8+LmjxMwDCtAkR0XwbvY+ c+nsKPEtkjb3sAu6I148RmwWsGncSRqUaJrljOypaW9dS+GO4Ujjz3/lw1lrxSUh IqVc0E7kyRW8kP3QCaNBwArYteHreZFFp6XmtKMtXaEA3saJYILxaaXlYkoRi4k8 S2/K8aw3ZMR4tDCOfB4o47JaeiA/e185RK3A+mLn9xTDhTdZqTQpv17/YRPcgmwz zu30fhVXQT/SuI0sO+bzCO4YGoEwoBX718AWhdLJFoFq1B7k2ZEzXTAtjEXQEWm6 01ndU/jhAasdfasdasdfasdfa3eraszxqwefasdfadasdffsFIfAsjQb4HdkmHuC OeJrJOd+CYvdEeqJJNnF6AbHyYHIECkj0Qq1kEfLOEsqzd5nDbtkKBte6M1trbjl HtJ2Yb8w6o/q/6Sbj7wf/cW3LIYEdeVCjScozVcQ9R83ea05J+QOAr4nAoGBAMaq UzLJfLNWZ5Qosmir2oHStFlZpxspax/ln7DlWLW4wPB4YJalSVovF2Buo8hr8X65 lnPiE41M+G0Z7icEXiFyDBFDCtzx0x/RmaBokLathrFtI81UCx4gQPLaSVNMlvQA 539GsubSrO4LpHRNGg/weZ6EqQOXvHvkUkm2bDDJAoGATytFNxen6GtC0ZT3SRQM WYfasdf3xbtuykmnluiofasd2sfmjnljkt7khghmghdasSDFGQfgaFoKfaawoYeH C2XasVUsVviBn8kPSLSVBPX4JUfQmA6h8HsajeVahxN1U9e0nYJ0sYDQFUMTS2t8 RT57+WK/0ONwTWHdu+KnaJECgYEAid/ta8LQC3p82iNAZkpWlGDSD2yb/8rH8NQg 9tjEryFwrbMtfX9qn+8srx06B796U3OjifstjJQNmVI0qNlsJpQK8fPwVxRxbJS/ pMbNICrf3sUa4sZgDOFfkeuSlgACh4cVIozDXlR59Z8Y3CoiW0uObEgvMDIfenAj 98pl3ZkCgYEAj/UCSni0dwX4pnKNPm6LUgiS7QvIgM3H9piyt8aipQuzBi5LUKWw DlQC4Zb73nHgdREtQYYXTu7p27Bl0Gizz1sW2eSgxFU8eTh+ucfVwOXKAXKU5SeI +MbuBfUYQ4if2N/BXn47+/ecf3A4KgB37Le5SbLDddwCNxGlBzbpBa0= -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----""" private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str)) transport = paramiko.Transport((‘10.0.1.40‘, 22)) transport.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘, pkey=private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘) result = stdout.read() transport.close() print(result)
SFTPClient
用於連接遠程服務器並執行上傳下載
基於用戶名密碼上傳下載
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import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(( ‘hostname‘ , 22 ))
transport.connect(username = ‘wupeiqi‘ ,password = ‘123‘ )
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put( ‘/tmp/location.py‘ , ‘/tmp/test.py‘ )
# 將remove_path 下載到本地 local_path
sftp.get( ‘remove_path‘ , ‘local_path‘ )
transport.close()
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基於公鑰密鑰上傳下載
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file( ‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘ )
transport = paramiko.Transport(( ‘hostname‘ , 22 ))
transport.connect(username = ‘wupeiqi‘ , pkey = private_key )
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put( ‘/tmp/location.py‘ , ‘/tmp/test.py‘ )
# 將remove_path 下載到本地 local_path
sftp.get( ‘remove_path‘ , ‘local_path‘ )
transport.close()
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import uuid class Haproxy(object): def __init__(self): self.host = ‘172.16.103.191‘ self.port = 22 self.username = ‘wupeiqi‘ self.pwd = ‘123‘ self.__k = None def create_file(self): file_name = str(uuid.uuid4()) with open(file_name,‘w‘) as f: f.write(‘sb‘) return file_name def run(self): self.connect() self.upload() self.rename() self.close() def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self): # 連接,上傳 file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(file_name, ‘/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py‘) def rename(self): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 執行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py‘) # 獲取命令結果 result = stdout.read() ha = Haproxy() ha.run()
堡壘機的實現
實現思路:
堡壘機執行流程:
- 管理員為用戶在服務器上創建賬號(將公鑰放置服務器,或者使用用戶名密碼)
- 用戶登陸堡壘機,輸入堡壘機用戶名密碼,現實當前用戶管理的服務器列表
- 用戶選擇服務器,並自動登陸
- 執行操作並同時將用戶操作記錄
註:配置.brashrc實現ssh登陸後自動執行腳本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
實現過程
步驟一,實現用戶登陸
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import getpass
user = raw_input ( ‘username:‘ )
pwd = getpass.getpass( ‘password‘ )
if user = = ‘alex‘ and pwd = = ‘123‘ :
print ‘登陸成功‘
else :
print ‘登陸失敗‘
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步驟二,根據用戶獲取相關服務器列表
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dic = {
‘alex‘ : [
‘172.16.103.189‘ ,
‘c10.puppet.com‘ ,
‘c11.puppet.com‘ ,
],
‘eric‘ : [
‘c100.puppet.com‘ ,
]
}
host_list = dic[ ‘alex‘ ]
print ‘please select:‘
for index, item in enumerate (host_list, 1 ):
print index, item
inp = raw_input ( ‘your select (No):‘ )
inp = int (inp)
hostname = host_list[inp - 1 ]
port = 22
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步驟三,根據用戶名、私鑰登陸服務器
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tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))
tran.start_client()
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ[ ‘HOME‘ ], ‘.ssh‘ , ‘id_rsa‘ )
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)
tran.auth_publickey( ‘wupeiqi‘ , key)
# 打開一個通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 獲取一個終端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
#########
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄為執行操作
# 用戶在終端輸入內容,並將內容發送至遠程服務器
# 遠程服務器執行命令,並將結果返回
# 用戶終端顯示內容
#########
chan.close()
tran.close()
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while True: # 監視用戶輸入和服務器返回數據 # sys.stdin 處理用戶輸入 # chan 是之前創建的通道,用於接收服務器返回信息 readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1) if chan in readable: try: x = chan.recv(1024) if len(x) == 0: print ‘\r\n*** EOF\r\n‘, break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in readable: inp = sys.stdin.readline() chan.sendall(inp)
# 獲取原tty屬性 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: # 為tty設置新屬性 # 默認當前tty設備屬性: # 輸入一行回車,執行 # CTRL+C 進程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊處理。 # 這是為原始模式,不認識所有特殊符號 # 放置特殊字符應用在當前終端,如此設置,將所有的用戶輸入均發送到遠程服務器 tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) while True: # 監視 用戶輸入 和 遠程服務器返回數據(socket) # 阻塞,直到句柄可讀 r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1) if chan in r: try: x = chan.recv(1024) if len(x) == 0: print ‘\r\n*** EOF\r\n‘, break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) if len(x) == 0: break chan.send(x) finally: # 重新設置終端屬性 termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
def windows_shell(chan): import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n") def writeall(sock): while True: data = sock.recv(256) if not data: sys.stdout.write(‘\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n‘) sys.stdout.flush() break sys.stdout.write(data) sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) writer.start() try: while True: d = sys.stdin.read(1) if not d: break chan.send(d) except EOFError: # user hit ^Z or F6 pass
註:密碼驗證 t.auth_password(username, pw)
詳見:paramiko源碼demo
數據庫操作
Python 操作 Mysql 模塊的安裝
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linux:
yum install MySQL - python
window:
http: / / files.cnblogs.com / files / wupeiqi / py - mysql - win. zip
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SQL基本使用
1、數據庫操作
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show databases;
use [databasename];
create database [name];
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2、數據表操作
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show tables;
create table students
(
id int not null auto_increment primary key,
name char( 8 ) not null,
sex char( 4 ) not null,
age tinyint unsigned not null,
tel char( 13 ) null default "-"
);
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CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘, `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘, `content` text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) ) ;
3、數據操作
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insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values( ‘alex‘ , ‘man‘ , 18 , ‘151515151‘ )
delete from students where id = 2 ;
update students set name = ‘sb‘ where id = 1 ;
select * from students
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4、其他
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主鍵
外鍵
左右連接
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Python MySQL API
一、插入數據
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import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,user = ‘root‘ ,passwd = ‘1234‘ ,db = ‘mydb‘ )
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute( ‘insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)‘ ,( ‘alex‘ , ‘usa‘ ))
# reCount = cur.execute(‘insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)‘,{‘id‘:12345,‘name‘:‘wupeiqi‘})
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
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import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=‘127.0.0.1‘,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘1234‘,db=‘mydb‘) cur = conn.cursor() li =[ (‘alex‘,‘usa‘), (‘sb‘,‘usa‘), ] reCount = cur.executemany(‘insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)‘,li) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount
註意:cur.lastrowid
二、刪除數據
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import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,user = ‘root‘ ,passwd = ‘1234‘ ,db = ‘mydb‘ )
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute( ‘delete from UserInfo‘ )
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
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三、修改數據
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import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,user = ‘root‘ ,passwd = ‘1234‘ ,db = ‘mydb‘ )
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute( ‘update UserInfo set Name = %s‘ ,( ‘alin‘ ,))
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
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四、查數據
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# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ##############################
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,user = ‘root‘ ,passwd = ‘1234‘ ,db = ‘mydb‘ )
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute( ‘select * from UserInfo‘ )
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll( - 1 ,mode = ‘relative‘ )
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll( 0 ,mode = ‘absolute‘ )
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
# ############################## fetchall ##############################
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,user = ‘root‘ ,passwd = ‘1234‘ ,db = ‘mydb‘ )
#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute( ‘select Name,Address from UserInfo‘ )
nRet = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
print nRet
for i in nRet:
print i[ 0 ],i[ 1 ]
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Python之路【第八篇】:堡壘機實例以及數據庫操作