ASP.NET MVC傳遞Model到視圖的多種方式總結
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-01-17
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ASP.NET MVC傳遞Model到視圖的多種方式總結
有多種方式可以將數據傳遞到視圖，如下所示：
ViewDataViewBagPartialViewTempDataViewModelTuple
場景：
在視圖頁面，下拉框選擇課程觸發事件，分別顯示老師課程表、學生上課表，如圖：
相關的Model：
1 public class Course
2 {
3 public int Id { get; set; }
4 public string Name { get; set; }
5 }
6
7 public class Teacher
8 {
9 public int Id { get; set; }
10 public string Name { get; set; }
11 public List<Course> Courses { get; set; }
12 }
13
14 public class Student
15 {
16 public int Id { get; set; }
17 public string Name { get; set; }
18 public List<Course> Courses { get; set; }
19 }
一、使用ViewData傳遞多個Model
□ HomeController
1 public ActionResult Index()
2 {
3 ViewData["Courses"] = _repository.GetCourses();
4 ViewData["Students"] = _repository.GetStudents();
5 ViewData["Teachers"] = _repository.GetTeachers();
6 return View();
7 }
□ Home/Index.cshtml
1 @using MvcApplication1.Models
2 @using System.Web.Helpers;
3 @{
4 Layout = null;
5 }
6
7 <!DOCTYPE html>
8 <html>
9 <head>
10 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
11 <title>ViewDataDemo</title>
12 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.8.2.js"></script>
13 <script type="text/javascript">
14 $(function () {
15 //隱藏
16 $(‘#students‘).hide();
17 $(‘#teachers‘).hide();
18
19 //點擊課程下拉框
20 $(‘#sel‘).change(function() {
21 selectedCourseName = $(‘#sel‘).val().trim();
22 if (selectedCourseName == "--選擇課程--") {
23 $(‘#students‘).hide();
24 $(‘#teachers‘).hide();
25 } else {
26 getTeacherTable();
27 getStudentTable();
28 $(‘#students‘).show();
29 $(‘#teachers‘).show();
30 }
31 });
32 });
33
34 var selectedCourseName;
35 //創建老師課程表
36 function getTeacherTable() {
37 $(‘#teachersTable‘).empty();
38 $(‘#teachersTable‘).append("<table id=‘tblTeachers‘><tr><th>編號</th><th>姓名</th></tr></table>");
39 //把所有老師轉換成json格式
40 var teachers = @Html.Raw(Json.Encode(ViewData["Teachers"]));
41 for (var i = 0; i < teachers.length; i++) {
42 var courses = teachers[i].Courses;
43 for (var j = 0; j < courses.length; j++) {
44 if (courses[j].Name == selectedCourseName) {
45 $(‘#tblTeachers‘).append("<tr><td>"+courses[i].Id+"</td><td>"+courses[i].Name+"</td></tr>");
46 }
47 }
48 }
49 }
50
51 //創建學生上課表
52 function getStudentTable() {
53 $(‘#studentsTable‘).empty();
54 $(‘#studentsTable‘).append("<table id=‘tblStudents‘><tr><th>編號</th><th>姓名</th></tr></table>");
55 var students = @Html.Raw(Json.Encode(ViewData["Students"]));
56 for (var i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
57 var courses = students[i].Courses;
58 for (var j = 0; j < courses.length; j++) {
59 if (courses[j].Name == selectedCourseName) {
60 $(‘#tblStudents‘).append("<tr><td>"+courses[j].Id+"</td><td>"+courses[j].Name+"</td></tr>");
61 }
62 }
63 }
64 }
65 </script>
66 </head>
67 <body>
68 <div>
69 <table>
70 <tr>
71 <td><h3>選擇課程</h3></td>
72 <td>
73 <select id="sel">
74 <option>--選擇課程--</option>
75 @foreach (var course in ViewData["Courses"] as List<Course>)
76 {
77 <option>@course.Name</option>
78 }
79 </select>
80 </td>
81 </tr>
82 </table>
83 </div>
84 <div id="teachers">
85 <h4>老師課程表</h4>
86 <div id="teachersTable"></div>
87 </div>
88 <div id="students">
89 <h4>學生上課表</h4>
90 <div id="studentsTable"></div>
91 </div>
92 </body>
93 </html>
@Html.Raw(Json.Encode(ViewData["Students"]))是把Model轉換成json字符串，需要用到System.Web.Helpers，把此類庫引用到項目，並且必須設置"復制到本地屬性"為true,否則報錯。
二、使用ViewBag傳遞多個Model
□ HomeController
1 public ActionResult ViewBagDemo()
2 {
3 ViewBag.Courses = _repository.GetCourses();
4 ViewBag.Students = _repository.GetStudents();
5 ViewBag.Teachers = _repository.GetTeachers();
6 return View();
7 }
□ Home/ViewBagDemo.cshtml
下拉框遍歷課程改成：
@foreach (var course in ViewBag.Courses)
getTeacherTable()方法中改成：
var teachers = @Html.Raw(Json.Encode(ViewBag.Teachers));
getStudentTable()方法中改成：
var students = @Html.Raw(Json.Encode(ViewBag.Students));
三、使用部分視圖傳遞多個Model
□ HomeController
1 public ActionResult PartialViewDemo()
2 {
3 List<Course> courses = _repository.GetCourses();
4 return View(courses);
5 }
6
7 public ActionResult StudentsToPVDemo(string courseName)
8 {
9 IEnumerable<Course> courses = _repository.GetCourses();
10 var selectedCourseId = (from c in courses
11 where c.Name == courseName
12 select c.Id).FirstOrDefault();
13 IEnumerable<Student> students = _repository.GetStudents();
14 var studentsInCourse = students.Where(s => s.Courses.Any(c => c.Id == selectedCourseId)).ToList();
15 return PartialView("StudentPV", studentsInCourse);
16 }
17
18 public ActionResult TeachersToPVDemo(string courseName)
19 {
20 IEnumerable<Course> courses = _repository.GetCourses();
21 var selectedCourseId = (from c in courses
22 where c.Name == courseName
23 select c.Id).FirstOrDefault();
24 IEnumerable<Teacher> teachers = _repository.GetTeachers();
25 var teachersForCourse = teachers.Where(t => t.Courses.Any(c => c.Id == selectedCourseId)).ToList();
26 return PartialView("TeacherPV", teachersForCourse);
27 }
□ Home/PartialViewDemo.cshmtl
1 @model IEnumerable<MvcApplication1.Models.Course>
2 @{
3 Layout = null;
4 }
5 <!DOCTYPE html>
6 <html>
7 <head>
8 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
9 <title>PatialViewDemo</title>
10 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.8.2.js"></script>
11 <script type="text/javascript">
12 $(function () {
13 //隱藏
14 $(‘#students‘).hide();
15 $(‘#teachers‘).hide();
16
17 //點擊課程下拉框
18 $(‘#sel‘).change(function() {
19 selectedCourseName = $(‘#sel‘).val().trim();
20 if (selectedCourseName == "--選擇課程--") {
21 $(‘#students‘).hide();
22 $(‘#teachers‘).hide();
23 } else {
24 getTeacherTable();
25 getStudentTable();
26 $(‘#students‘).show();
27 $(‘#teachers‘).show();
28 }
29 });
30 });
31
32 var selectedCourseName;
33 //創建老師課程表
34 function getTeacherTable() {
35 $.ajax({
36 url: "@Url.Action("TeachersToPVDemo","Home")",
37 type: ‘Get‘,
38 data: { courseName: selectedCourseName },
39 success: function(data) {
40 $(‘#teachersTable‘).empty().append(data);
41 },
42 error: function() {
43 alert("sth wrong");
44 }
45 });
46 }
47
48 //創建學生上課表
49 function getStudentTable() {
50 $.ajax({
51 url: "@Url.Action("StudentsToPVDemo","Home")",
52 type: ‘Get‘,
53 data: { courseName: selectedCourseName },
54 success: function (data) {
55 $(‘#studentsTable‘).empty().append(data);
56 },
57 error: function () {
58 alert("sth wrong");
59 }
60 });
61 }
62 </script>
63 </head>
64 <body>
65 <div>
66 <table>
67 <tr>
68 <td><h3>選擇課程</h3></td>
69 <td>
70 <select id="sel">
71 <option>--選擇課程--</option>
72 @foreach (var course in Model)
73 {
74 <option>@course.Name</option
75 }
76 </select>
77 </td>
78 </tr>
79 </table>
80 </div>
81 <div id="teachers">
82 <h4>老師課程表</h4>
83 <div id="teachersTable"></div>
84 </div>
85 <div id="students">
86 <h4>學生上課表</h4>
87 <div id="studentsTable"></div>
88 </div>
89 </body>
90 </html>
□ TeacherPV.cshtml與StudentPV.cshtml
1 @model IEnumerable<MvcApplication1.Models.Teacher>
2 <table id="tblTeacherDetail">
3 <tr>
4 <th>編號</th>
5 <th>名稱</th>
6 </tr>
7 @foreach (var item in Model)
8 {
9 <tr>
10 <td>@item.Id</td>
11 <td>@item.Name</td>
12 </tr>
13 }
14 </table>
四、使用TempData傳遞多個Model
□ HomeController
1 public ActionResult TempDataDemo()
2 {
3 //第一次從數據庫讀取數據放到TempData中，以後的請求從TempData中獲取數據
4 TempData["Courses"] = _repository.GetCourses();
5 //讓TempData保存數據，直到下一次請求
6 TempData.Keep("Courses");
7 return View();
8 }
9
10 public ActionResult TeachersTempData(string courseName)
11 {
12 var courses = TempData["Courses"] as IEnumerable<Course>;
13 //由於TempData["Courses"]還要被下一次請求，繼續TempData保存數據
14 TempData.Keep("Courses");
15 var selectedCourseId = (from c in courses
16 where c.Name == courseName
17 select c.Id).FirstOrDefault();
18 IEnumerable<Teacher> teachers = _repository.GetTeachers();
19 var teachersForCourse = teachers.Where(t => t.Courses.Any(c => c.Id == selectedCourseId)).ToList();
20 return PartialView("TeacherPV", teachersForCourse);
21 }
22
23 public ActionResult StudentsTempData(string courseName)
24 {
25 var courses = TempData["Courses"] as IEnumerable<Course>;
26 //由於TempData["Courses"]還要被下一次請求，繼續TempData保存數據
27 TempData.Keep("Courses");
28 var selectedCourseId = (from c in courses
29 where c.Name == courseName
30 select c.Id).FirstOrDefault();
31 IEnumerable<Student> students = _repository.GetStudents();
32 var studentsForCourse = students.Where(s => s.Courses.Any(c => c.Id == selectedCourseId)).ToList();
33 return PartialView("StudentPV", studentsForCourse);
34 }
□ Home/TempDataDemo.cshtml
下拉框遍歷課程：
@foreach (var course in Model)
ajax請求老師課程表：
@Url.Action("TeachersTempData","Home")
ajax請求學生上課表：
@Url.Action("StudentsTempData","Home")
五、使用ViewModel傳遞多個Model
□ View Model
1 public class SchoolVm
2 {
3 public List<Course> Courses { get; set; }
4 public List<Student> Students { get; set; }
5 public List<Teacher> Teachers { get; set; }
6 }
□ HomeController
1 public ActionResult ViewModelDemoVM()
2 {
3 SchoolVm vm = new SchoolVm();
4 vm.Courses = _repository.GetCourses();
5 vm.Teachers = _repository.GetTeachers();
6 vm.Students = _repository.GetStudents();
7 return View(vm);
8 }
□ Home/ViewModelDemoVM.cshtml
@model MvcApplication1.Models.SchoolVm
下拉框遍歷課程：
@foreach (var course in Model.Courses)
ajax請求老師課程表和學生上課表：
@Html.Raw(Json.Encode(Model.Teachers))
@Html.Raw(Json.Encode(Model.Students))
六、使用Tuple傳遞多個Model
□ HomeController
1 public ActionResult TupleDemo()
2 {
3 var allModels = new Tuple<List<Course>, List<Teacher>, List<Student>>(_repository.GetCourses(),
4 _repository.GetTeachers(), _repository.GetStudents()) {};
5 return View(allModels);
6 }
□ Home/TupleDemo.cshtml
@model Tuple <List <MvcApplication1.Models.Course>, List <MvcApplication1.Models.Teacher>, List <MvcApplication1.Models.Student>>
下拉框遍歷課程：
@foreach (var course in Model.Item1)
ajax請求老師課程表和學生上課表：
@Html.Raw(Json.Encode(Model.Item2))
@Html.Raw(Json.Encode(Model.Item3))
參考鏈接：https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/687061/Using-Multiple-Models-in-a-View-in-ASP-NET-MVC-M
分類: ASP.NET MVC技術ASP.NET MVC傳遞Model到視圖的多種方式總結