Mysql DBA 高級運維學習筆記-Mysql插入中文亂碼問題
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-01-29
right data 移動 info 不一致 命令執行 esp 概念 -c 1.1 mysql插入中文數據亂碼
1.1.1MySQL中添加中文數據並查看檢表語句
a.創建cuizhong測試數據庫並查看建表語句
mysql> create database cuizhong; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show create database cuizhong\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Database: cuizhong Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `cuizhong` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
提示：如果在安裝MySQL時未指定字符集，則mysql默認字符集是latin1。
b.在cuizhong庫下創建一個student表，並查看表結構和建表語句
mysql> use cuizhong Database changed mysql> show tables; +--------------------+ | Tables_in_cuizhong | +--------------------+ | student| +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create table student( id int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name char(20) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(id) ); mysql> desc student -> ; +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id| int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL| auto_increment | | name | char(20) | NO | | NULL|| +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show create table student\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: student Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` char(20) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
提示：默認建表不指定字符集則繼承庫的字符集，即latin1。
c.批量插入數據到student表
mysql> insert into student values(1,‘zhangsan‘),(2,‘lisi‘),(3,‘wanger‘),(4,‘xiaozhang‘),(5,‘xiaowang‘); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from student; +----+-----------+ | id | name | +----+-----------+ | 1 | zhangsan | | 2 | lisi | | 3 | wanger| | 4 | xiaozhang | | 5 | xiaowang | +----+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
提示：數字和英文的數據時正常的，不會有亂碼問題。
d.插入一條中文數據
mysql> insert into student values(6,‘我是誰‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------+
| 1 | zhangsan |
| 2 | lisi |
| 3 | wanger|
| 4 | xiaozhang |
| 5 | xiaowang |
| 6 | ??? |
+----+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)出現問題：中文內容亂碼
為什麽插入中文數據會出現亂碼問題呢？
通過上面的例子我們可以看出客戶端字符集和庫，表字符集不一樣導致亂碼問題，所以我們在插入數據的時候要先查看系統字符集和客戶端，庫表字符集是否一樣，不一樣將字符集修改一致再插入數據。字符集不一致導致插入亂碼解決辦法刪重新插入。
1.1.2 MySQL命令行插入中文數據不亂碼實戰
a.查看建表語句，註意默認的字符集是latin1
mysql> show create table student\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: student
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)b.設置MySQL客戶端的字符集和建表的字符集latin1一致
設置字符集為插入數據表的字符集
mysql> set names latin1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)c.再插入一條中文數據
mysql> insert into student values(7,‘小紅‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------+
| 1 | zhangsan |
| 2 | lisi |
| 3 | wanger|
| 4 | xiaozhang |
| 5 | xiaowang |
| 6 | ??? |
| 7 | 小紅 |
+----+-----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)提示：不亂碼了，但是老的數據就沒辦法解決了。
上面的是MySQL命令行插入數據不亂碼的方法，那麽如果更新的數據多就需要執行sql文件更新數據了，所以保證執行sql文件也不亂碼怎麽辦呢？
1.1.3 執行SQL文件插入中文數據不亂碼實戰
a.將要更新的多個sql語句放在文本文件中如test.sql
mysql> system cat test.sql
set names latin1;
insert into student values(8,‘不認識‘);提示：必須要加入set names latin1，確保插入數據不亂碼。
b.在MySQL命令行中通過source調用test.sql文件插入數據
mysql> source test.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------+
| 1 | zhangsan |
| 2 | lisi |
| 3 | wanger|
| 4 | xiaozhang |
| 5 | xiaowang |
| 6 | ??? |
| 7 | 小紅 |
| 8 | 不認識|
+----+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)小結：執行DQL，DML語句的時候要set name 系統及庫表的字符集。
1.1.4 通過MySQL 命令加字符集參數導入數據解決亂碼問題
a. 把要更新的多個SQL語句放入文本中，這次不帶set names latin1
#set names latin1;
insert into student values(9,‘李四‘);b. 通過MySQL命令加上字符集參數指定latin1字符集導入test.sql
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 --default-character-set=latin1 cuizhong < test.sql通過-e參數在mysql庫外查看結果
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "set names latin1;select * from cuizhong.student"
+----+-----------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------+
| 1 | zhangsan |
| 2 | lisi |
| 3 | wanger|
| 4 | xiaozhang |
| 5 | xiaowang |
| 6 | ??? |
| 7 | 小紅 |
| 8 | 不認識|
| 9 | 李四 |
+----+-----------+1.1.5 MySQL插入中文不亂碼5中方法小結
方法（1）：登錄mysql先做然後再執行更新語句或執行語句文件
mysql> set names latin1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> source test.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)提示：確保test.sql文件格式正確
方法（2）：在sql文件中指定set names latin1;然後登錄mysql,通過如下命令執行。
mysql> source test.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)方法（3）：在sql文件中指定set names latin1 然後通過mysql導入
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 cuizhong < test.sql
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "set names latin1;select * from cuizhong.student"提示：這裏的cuizhong是庫名不是表名。
方法（4）：通過指定mysql命令的字符集參數來實現
#set names latin1;
insert into student values(9,‘李四‘);
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 --default-character-set=latin1 cuizhong < test.sql方法（5）在配置文件裏設置客戶端及服務端相關參數
a.更改my.cnf客戶端模塊的參數，可以實現set names latin1效果，並永久生效
[client]
default-character-set=latin1提示：不需要重啟服務，退出重新登陸生效。
b.在服務端裏面再指定latin1字符集
[mysqld]
Default-character-set=latin1適合5.1 及以前呢版本
Default-character-server=latin1 適合5.51.2 Mysql數據庫字符集知識
1.2.1 MySQL數據庫字符集介紹
簡單的說，一套文字符號及其編碼、比較規則的集合。MySQL數據庫字符集包括字符集（CHARACTER）和校對規則（COLLATION）兩個概念。其中，字符集是用來定義MySQL數據字符串的存儲方式，而校對規則則是定義比較字符串的方式。前面建庫的語句中CHARACTER SET latin1即為數據庫字符集而COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci 為校對字符集，有關字符集詳細內容參考mysql手冊，第10張字符集章節。
1.2.2 MySQL數據庫常見字符集介紹
使用MySQL時常用的字符集有下表四種
1.2.3 MySQL如何選擇合適的字符集
a.如果處理各種各樣的文字，發布到不同國家和地區，應選Unicode字符集。對mysql來說就是UTF-8（每個漢字三個字節），如果應用需處理英文，有少量漢字UTF-8更好。
b.如果只需支持中文，並且數據量很大，性能要求也很高，可選GBK（定長，每個漢字占雙字節，英文也占雙字節），如果需要大量運算，比較順序等定長字符集更快，性能高。
c.處理移動互聯網業務，可能需要使用utf8mb4字符集。
1.2.4 查看當前MySQL系統支持的字符集
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "SHOW CHARACTER SET"最常用的有四種：
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "SHOW CHARACTER SET;"|egrep "gbk|utf8|latin1"|awk ‘ {print $0}‘
latin1 cp1252 West European latin1_swedish_ci 1
gbk GBK Simplified Chinese gbk_chinese_ci 2
utf8 UTF-8 Unicode utf8_general_ci 3
utf8mb4 UTF-8 Unicode utf8mb4_general_ci 4查看mysql當前的字符集設置情況
mysql> show variables like ‘character_set%‘;
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+提示：默認情況下character_set_client，character_set_connection，character_set_results三者的字符集和系統的字符集是一致的，是同時修改的。即為:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n
LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
[root@localhost ~]# echo $LANG
zh_CN.UTF-81.3 Mysql數據庫默認設置的字符集是什麽？
a.先看一下mysql默認情況下設置的字符集
mysql> show variables like ‘character_set%‘;
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | gb2312 |
| character_set_connection | gb2312 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| gb2312 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+不同字符集參數的含義如下
Variable_name | Value
| character_set_client | latin1 客戶端字符集
| character_set_connection | latin1 連接字符集
| character_set_database | latin1數據庫字符集，配置文件指定或建庫建表指定
| character_set_results| latin1 返回結果字符集
| character_set_server | latin1服務器字符集，配置文件指定或建庫建表指定更改linux系統字符集變量後，查看MySQL中字符集的變化
[root@localhost ~]# echo $LANG
zh_CN.UTF-8
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show variables like ‘character_set%‘;"
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+我們發現character_set_connection，character_set_client，character_set_server 三者的字符集和系統的一致也都改成utf8了。
1.4 執行set names latin1到底做了什麽
無論linux系統的字符集是gb2312還是utf8默認情況下插入數據都是亂碼的。
a.此時查看數據就是亂碼
mysql> use cuizhong
Database changed
mysql> select * from student
-> ;
+----+---------------------+
| id | name|
+----+---------------------+
| 1 | zhangsan|
| 2 | lisi|
| 3 | wanger |
| 4 | xiaozhang |
| 5 | xiaowang|
| 6 | ??? |
| 7 | ?°?o￠ |
| 8 | ??è?¤èˉ? |
| 9 | ????? |
+----+---------------------+
9 rows in set (0.10 sec)b. 執行完set對應的字符集操作，就解決亂碼問題了
（1）先查看一下庫和表的字符集
mysql> show create database cuizhong\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: cuizhong
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `cuizhong` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table student\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: student
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)（2）我們看庫和表的字符集都是latin1,所以執行set names latin1保證字符集一樣就不會亂碼了。
mysql> set names latin1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------+
| 1 | zhangsan |
| 2 | lisi |
| 3 | wanger|
| 4 | xiaozhang |
| 5 | xiaowang |
| 6 | ??? |
| 7 | 小紅 |
| 8 | 不認識|
| 9 | 李四 |
+----+-----------+（3）執行完set字符集操作的結果改變了如下字三個字符集character_set_client，character_set_connection，character_set_results的參數。
mysql> show variables like ‘character_set%‘;
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+1.5 Mysql命令參數—default-character-set=latin1在做什麽？
（1）先查看一下mysql的字符集
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show variables like ‘character_set%‘;"
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+（2）帶—default-character-set=latin1 參數登錄mysql
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 --default-character-set=latin1
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.32 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> （3）現在再查看mysql的字符集
mysql> show variables like ‘character_set%‘;
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+（4）帶參數登錄也是臨時修改不帶參數登錄又變回去了
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 --default-character-set=latin1 -e "show variables like ‘character_set%‘;"
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show variables like ‘character_set%‘;"
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+1.6 確保MySQL數據庫插入數據不亂碼解決方案
1.6.1統一MySQL數據庫客戶端及服務端的字符集
（1）MySQL數據庫的下面幾個字符集（客戶端和服務端）統一成一個字符集才能確保插入的中文數據庫可以正常輸出。當然，linux系統的字符集也要盡可能和數據庫字符集統一。
（2）show variables like ‘character_set%‘;命令輸出結果如下：
Variable_name| Value
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
①character_set_client | latin1 客戶端字符集
②character_set_connection | latin1 連接字符集
③character_set_database | latin1 數據庫字符集
④character_set_results| latin1 返回結果字符集
⑤character_set_server | latin1 服務器字符集，配置文件制定或建庫建表指定其中，①②④三個參數默認情況采用linux系統字符集設置，人工登錄數據庫執行set names latin1以及mysql指定字符集登錄操作，都是改變mysql客戶端的client、connection、results3個參數的字符集都為latin1,從而解決插入亂碼問題，這個操作可以在my.cnf配置文件裏修改mysql客戶端的字符集，配置方法如下：
[client]
Default-character-set=latin1
提示：不需要重啟
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n "18,22p" /etc/my.cnf
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = latin1
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show variables like ‘character_set%‘;"
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+（3）修改完客戶端字符集不用set查詢表數據就不會亂碼了
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "select * from cuizhong.student;"
+----+-----------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------+
| 1 | zhangsan |
| 2 | lisi |
| 3 | wanger|
| 4 | xiaozhang |
| 5 | xiaowang |
| 6 | ??? |
| 7 | 小紅|
| 8 | 不認識 |
| 9 | 李四|
+----+-----------+1.6.2 更改MySQL服務端字符集
(1) 按下面要求修改my.cnf參數
[mysqld]
Default-character-set = latin1適合5.1及以前版本(2) 修改前查看當前字符集
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show variables like ‘character_set%‘;"
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+(3) 查看修改的參數
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n "26,27p" /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8(4) 重啟mysql服務（生產環境是不允許重啟的）
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!(5) 查看更改後的字符集
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show variables like ‘character_set%‘;"
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+提示：以上在[mysqld]下設置的參數會更改下面2個參數的字符集設置。
| Variable_name| Value|
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |這個時候我們再修改系統字符集mysql數據庫字符集就不改了。
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n
LANG="zh_CN.GB2312"
#LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/sysconfig/i18n
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show variables like ‘character_set%‘;"
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results| utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+1.6.3 統一mysql數據庫客戶端及服務端字符集總結
不亂碼思想：建議中英文環境選擇utf8 ,linux系統，客戶端，服務端，庫，表，程序字符集統一。
1.Linux系統字符集統一utf8
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n
LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"提示linux客戶款也要更改字符集 例如：xshell
例如：SecureCRT
2.Mysql數據庫客戶端
臨時：
Set names latin1
永久：
更改my.cnf客戶端模塊的參數，可以實現set names latin1效果，並永久生效。
3.服務端
更改my.cnf參數
[mysqld]
Default-character-set = latin1適合5.1及以前版本
character-set-server = latin1適合5.54.庫表，程序 指定字符集建庫
Create database cuizhong_utf8 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET UTF8 COLLATE後面加校對規則我們可以show一下查看支持的校對規則
mysql> show character set;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese| big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850| DOS West European | cp850_general_ci| 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European| hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r| KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci| 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European| latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish| swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii| US ASCII| ascii_general_ci| 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci| 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci| 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr| EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u| KOI8-U Ukrainian| koi8u_general_ci| 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek| ISO 8859-7 Greek| greek_general_ci| 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European| cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866| DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci| 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce| Mac Central European| macce_general_ci| 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852| DOS Central European| cp852_general_ci| 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic| cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16| UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci| 4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32| UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci| 4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian| geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932| SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)5.開發程序的字符集
簡體UTF8
http://download.comsenz.com/Discuzx/3.2/Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip。
1.7 如何更改生產MySQL數據庫庫表的字符集
數據字符集的修改步驟
對於已有數據庫想修改字符集不能直接通過“alter database character set ”或者”alter table tablename character set ”,這兩個命令都沒有更新已有數據的字符集。而只是對新創建的表或者數據生效。
已經有記錄的字符集的調整必須將數據導出，經過修改字符集之後重新導入才可完成。
修改數據庫默認編碼
Alter database [your db name] charset [your character setting]
下面模擬將latin1字符集的數據庫修改成GBK字符集的過程。
（1）導出表結構
Mysqldump –uroot –p123456 –-default-character-set=latin1 –d dbname>alltable1.sql –-default-character-set=gbk 表示以GBK字符集進行連接 –d只導表結構。（2）然後編輯alltable.sql將latin1用sed替換成GBK
（3）確保數據不在更新導出所有數據
Mysqldmup –uroot –p123456 –-quick –-no-create-info –-extended-insert –-default-character-set=latin1 dbname>alltable.sql參數說明：
--quick:用於轉儲大的表，強制mysqldump從服務器一次一行的檢索數據而不是檢索所有行並輸出前CACHE到內存中。
--no-create-info:不創建CREATE TABLE 語句。
--extended-insert:使用包括幾個VALUES列表的多行INSERT語法，這樣文件更小,IO也小導入數據是非常快。
--default-character-set=latin1按照原有字符集導出數據，這樣導出的文件中，所有中文都是可見的，不會保存成亂碼。
（4）打開alltable.sql將set names latin1修改成set names gbk(或者修改系統的服務端和客戶端)
（5）建庫
Create database dbname default charset gbk;（6）創建表執行，alltable1.sql
Mysql –uroot –p123456 dbname<alltable1.sql（7）導入數據
Mysql –uroot –p123456 dbname<alltable.sql總結：latin1改成utf8
（1）建庫及建表的語句導出,sed批量修改為utf8。
（2）導出所有數據。
（3）修改mysql服務端和客戶端編碼為utf8。
（4）刪除原有的庫表及數據。
（5）導入新的建庫建表的語句。
（6）導入mysql的所有數據。
Mysql DBA 高級運維學習筆記-Mysql插入中文亂碼問題