Spring MVC的配置和使用
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-02-13
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Spring MVC的配置和使用
筆記倉庫：https://github.com/nnngu/LearningNotes
Spring MVC需要的jar包
文章中 Spring MVC 使用的版本是 3.2.18 ， 需要的 jar 包如下：
spring-webmvc
jstl 1.1.2
aopalliance 1.0
commons-logging 1.1.1
spring-aop
spring-beans
spring-context
spring-core
spring-expression
spring-web
使用 Maven 構建的 Java 項目，需要在 pom.xml 中添加如下依賴：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId> 前期準備
1、在com.nnngu.entity包下創建 User.java
代碼如下：
package com.nnngu.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String pwd;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
}2、在下圖所示的位置創建兩個 jsp 頁面
create.jsp的代碼如下：
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: lijiawei
Date: 13/02/2018
Time: 14:08
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>創建用戶</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="save" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>創建用戶</legend>
<p>
<label>姓名：</label> <input type="text" id="name" name="name"
tabindex="1">
</p>
<p>
<label>年齡：</label> <input type="text" id="age" name="age"
tabindex="2">
</p>
<p>
<label>密碼：</label> <input type="text" id="pwd" name="pwd"
tabindex="3">
</p>
<p id="buttons">
<input id="reset" type="reset" tabindex="4" value="重置"> <input
id="submit" type="submit" tabindex="5" value="創建">
</p>
</fieldset>
</form>
</body>
</html>detail.jsp 的代碼如下：
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: lijiawei
Date: 13/02/2018
Time: 14:08
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>用戶詳情</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="gloobal">
<h4>創建成功</h4>
<p>
<h5>詳情：</h5>
姓名：${user.name}<br/>
年齡：${user.age}<br/>
密碼：${user.pwd}<br/>
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>配置Spring MVC
1、在 web.xml 文件中進行如下配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<filter>
<description>字符集過濾器</description>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<description>字符集編碼</description>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc-context.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>2、在下圖所示的位置創建 springmvc-context.xml
springmvc-context.xml的代碼如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd ">
<!-- 對包中的所有類進行掃描，以完成Bean創建和自動依賴註入的功能 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.nnngu"/>
<!-- 啟動基於Spring MVC的註解功能，將控制器與方法映射加入到容器中 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 這個類用於Spring MVC視圖解析 -->
<beans:bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</beans:bean>
</beans:beans>3、編寫 Controller
在上圖所示的位置創建 UserController.java ，代碼如下：
package com.nnngu;
import com.nnngu.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* 用戶管理
*/
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("")
public String Create(Model model) {
return "create";
}
@RequestMapping("/save")
public String Save(@ModelAttribute("form") User user, Model model) { // user:視圖層傳給控制層的表單對象； model:控制層返回給視圖層的對象
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "detail";
}
}測試
啟動項目，在瀏覽器輸入 localhost:8080
測試成功。
Spring MVC的配置和使用