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CentOS下通過YUM安裝MySQL5.7

驗證 字符集 emp class ted inux 新用戶 ike idc

1.進入到要存放安裝包的位置

cd /home/lnmp

2.查看系統中是否已安裝 MySQL 服務,以下提供兩種方式:

rpm -qa | grep mysql
yum list installed | grep mysql

3.如果已安裝則刪除 MySQL 及其依賴的包:

yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64

4.下載 mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm 的 YUM 源:

wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

5.安裝 mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm:

rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

安裝完後,得到如下兩個包:

mysql-community.repo
mysql-community-source.repo

6.安裝 MySQL,出現提示的話,一路 Y 到底

yum install mysql-server

安裝完畢後,在 /var/log/mysqld.log 文件中會自動生成一個隨機的密碼,我們需要先取得這個隨機密碼,以用於登錄 MySQL 服務端:

grep
"password" /var/log/mysqld.log

將會返回如下內容,末尾字符串就是密碼,把它復制下來:

A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: hilX0U!9i3_6

7.登錄到 MySQL 服務端並更新用戶 root 的密碼:

註意:由於 MySQL5.7 采用了密碼強度驗證插件 validate_password,故此我們需要設置一個有一定強度的密碼;

mysql -u root -philX0U!9i3_6

設置用戶 root 可以在任意 IP 下被訪問:

grant all privileges on *.* to root@"
%" identified by "新密碼";

設置用戶 root 可以在本地被訪問:

grant all privileges on *.* to root@"localhost" identified by "新密碼";

刷新權限使之生效:

flush privileges;

更新 MySQL 的用戶 root的密碼:

set password = password(新密碼); 

輸入 exit 後用新密碼再次登錄看看吧!

8.MySQL控制命令:啟動、停止、重啟、查看狀態

service mysqld start
service mysqld stop
service mysqld restart
service mysqld status

9.查看 MySQL 的字符集:

show variables like %character%;

+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)


10.查看指定的數據庫中指定數據表的字符集,如查看 mysql 數據庫中 servers 表的字符集:

show table status from mysql like %servers%;

11.查看指定數據庫中指定表的全部列的字符集,如查看 mysql 數據庫中 servers 表的全部的列的字符集:

show full columns from servers;

12.設置 MySQL 的字符集為 UTF-8:
打開 /etc 目錄下的 my.cnf 文件(此文件是 MySQL 的主配置文件):

cd /etc/my.cnf

在 [mysqld] 前添加如下代碼:

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

在 [mysqld] 後添加如下代碼:

character_set_server=utf8

再次查看字符集:

show variables like %character%;

+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

13. 存放數據庫文件的目錄

cd /var/lib/mysql

14. MySQL 的日誌記錄文件

vim /var/log/ mysqld.log

15. MySQL 采用的 TCP/IP 協議傳輸數據,默認端口號為 3306,我們可以通過如下命令查看:

netstat -anp

16. 忘記密碼時,可用如下方法重置:

service mysqld stop
mysqld_safe --user=root --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
mysql -u root

進入MySQL後

use mysql;
update user set password=password("new_password") where user="root"; 
flush privileges;

本文整理自:

https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-06/132676.htm

CentOS下通過YUM安裝MySQL5.7