將你的Python Web程序部署到Ubuntu服務器上
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-02-22
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在本文記錄了我在Ubuntu中部署Flask Web站點的過程, 其中包括用戶創建、代碼獲取、Python3環境的安裝、虛擬環境設置、uWSGI啟動程序設置，並將Nginx作為前端反向代理。希望對各位有所幫助。
建立一個Python Web程序專用賬戶
| 1 2 3 | adduser haseo vim /etc/sudoers #將haseo用戶加入導sudo用戶清單中 sudo usermod -a -G www-data haseo |
安裝Python3並配置程序運行環境
1.更新Ubuntu的軟件庫
| 1 2 3 |
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3-dev #安裝一些必要的工具包 |
2.安裝python包管理工具
python3 -V
sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip
pip3 install virtualenv
配置Python 程序
1.創建程序目錄
mkdir -p /var/www/html/pricing-service
2.修改目錄權限
sudo chown haseo:haseo /var/www/html/pricing-service
3.創建一個SSH Key使得用戶可以同步GitHub的代碼
ssh-keygen cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # 復制公鑰並增加到GitHub(https://github.com/settings/keys)
4.復制GitHub上的代碼
git clone git@xxx .
5.創建log目錄
mkdir log
6.創建虛擬目錄
| 1 2 3 4 | pip3 install virtualenv python3 -m virtualenv venv # 在pricing-service目錄下執行 ./venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt ./venv/bin/pip install uwsgi |
配置uwsgi
1.測試一下python直接運行程序是否可以訪問
vim ~/myproject/wsgi.py from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route("/") def hello(): return "<h1 style=‘color:blue‘>Hello There!</h1>" if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(host=‘0.0.0.0‘) python wsgi.py
2.創建WSGI入口文件
vim ~/myproject/wsgi.py
from myproject import app
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
3.測試uWSGI是否正常運行
uwsgi --socket 0.0.0.0:5000 --protocol=http -w wsgi:app
4.創建uWSGI配置文件
前面測試沒問題之後我們開始創建uWSGI配置文件
vim ~/myproject/wsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
module = wsgi:app
master = true
processes = 5
socket = socket.sock
chmod-socket = 660
vacuum = true
die-on-term = true
5.創建systemd文件
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/price_service.service
[Unit]
Description=uWSGI instance to serve price_service
After=network.target
[Service]
User=haseo
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/html/pricing-service
Environment="PATH=/var/www/html/pricing-service/venv/bin"
ExecStart=/var/www/html/pricing-service/venv/bin/uwsgi --ini wsgi.ini
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
6.啟動並啟用wsgi服務
sudo systemctl start price_service
sudo systemctl enable price_service
配置Nginx
1.安裝nginx
apt-get install nginx
2.Nginx狀態查看及進程管理
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | systemctl status nginx ip addr show eth0 | grep inet | awk ‘{ print $2; }‘ | sed ‘s/\/.*$//‘ #獲取服務器的IP地址 sudo systemctl start nginx sudo systemctl reload nginx sudo systemctl disable nginx # 精致nginx在系統啟動的時候啟動 sudo systemctl enable nginx |
3.配置Nginx站點
vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
server {
listen 8080; #監聽IP
real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1; # 告訴Python程序是誰發送的請求
server_name localhost;
location / { # 用戶訪問的根目錄比如 http://www.bihell.com/
include uwsgi_params; # Flask程序需要uwsgi解析
uwsgi_pass unix:/var/www/html/pricing-service/socket.sock; #uwsgi通過這個文件傳遞信息
uwsgi_modifier1 30;
}
# 404錯誤頁面配置,下同
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
4.軟鏈接導nginxsites-enabled目錄
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
5.測試配置
sudo nginx -t
6.重新啟動nginx大功告成
sudo systemctl restart nginx將你的Python Web程序部署到Ubuntu服務器上