1、下載mysql鏡像

# docker pull mysql

2、啟動mysql容器

# docker run -itd -v /data:/var/lib/mysql -p 33060:3306 --name mysqldb mysql bash
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
25d047a99917c6420412f36e1d0e2e6af38fc86539b2184d1ea7e5a47b955011

3、這裏我們發現啟動mysql容器出現warning，排除警告方式如下：

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

添加：net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

生效配置：

# sysctl -p
vm.max_map_count = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

重啟網路服務：

# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]

再次啟動mysql容器，發現警告消失：

# docker run -itd -v /data:/var/lib/mysql -p 33060:3306 --name mysqldb mysql bash
bbde59a2921981218441851d7527d22be3a0e37d3164fd1e07c4653d5dccc94d

註意：從上面啟動mysql容器命令中使用了-v、-p參數，具體意義解釋如下：

-v：為啟動的容器掛在volume，mysql數據庫默認數據目錄是容器中的/var/lib/mysql目錄，該目錄是容器自帶的一個volume，如果不為mysql容器單獨配置數據目錄volume，那麽我們會發現重啟mysql容器後mysql數據庫中數據都丟失了。為了持久化mysql數據，我們在啟動mysql容器時添加了-v /data:/var/lib/mysql參數，把主機的/data目錄掛載到容器的/var/lib/mysql下。

-p：指定mysql容器到本機的端口映射，將容器3306端口映射到主機的33060端口，這樣設置後，我們就可以在局域網訪問mysql數據庫了。

4、進入mysql容器，啟動mysql服務：

# docker exec -it mysqldb bash
root@ff3a4e6288c1:/# service mysql status
[info] MySQL Community Server 5.7.21 is not running.
root@ff3a4e6288c1:/# service mysql start
No directory, logging in with HOME=/
..
[info] MySQL Community Server 5.7.21 is started.

5、登錄mysql數據庫，進行基本配置：

root@ff3a4e6288c1:/# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| chavin |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@‘%‘ identified by ‘mysql‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

此時，可以在局域網內訪問docker容器啟動的mysql數據庫了。

# mysql -uroot -pmysql -h192.168.177.129 -P33060

使用docker容器運行MySQL數據庫並持久化數據文件