制作模版

• windows

  1. 準備虛擬機
     安裝配置好一個用來制作模版的虛擬機

  2. 導出windows的mbr到文件(僅適用於mbr分區表的windows操作系統),基於lvm(基於文件需要使用loop設備)

     dd if=/dev/mapper/vg_lv_name of=/path/to/windows_tpl.mbr count=1 bs=512

  3. 生成模板磁盤的分區設備

     kpartx -av /dev/mapper/vg_lv_name

  4.復制模板數據到文件(或分區)

  ntfsclone -r -O  windows_tpl.img /dev/mapper/vg_lv_namep1

  5.刪除分區設備

  kpartx -dv /dev/mapper/vg_lv_name
   
  

  • linux(僅適用於半虛擬化)
    1.打包整個系統

    tar cpzf test.tar.gz --exclude=/os_tpl.tar.gz /

  2.建立虛擬磁盤

  dd if=/dev/zero of=os_tpl.img bs=1 count=1 seek=10G
  mkfs.ext4 test.img
  mount -o loop test.img /mnt

  3.釋放系統文件到虛擬磁盤

  tar -zxSf os_tpl.tar.gz -C /mnt/os_tpl

  4.掛載系統所需目錄(無此目錄可創建)，然後chroot

  sudo mkdir -p /mnt/os_tpl/{proc,sys,dev,dev/pts}
  
  sudo mount -t proc proc /mnt/os_tpl/proc/
  sudo mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/os_tpl/sys/
  sudo mount -o bind /dev /mnt/os_tpl/dev/
  sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts /mnt/os_tpl/dev/pts/
  sudo chroot /mnt/os_tpl
   
  

  5.chroot後更新系統並安裝linux-virtual內核,當然,不要忘了更新 grub(centos同理)

  apt-get update & apt-get upgrade
  apt-get install linux-virtual
  apt-get purge grub2 grub-pc
  apt-get install grub
  update-grub

  6.換了內核後還需要更新和配置幾個系統文件,menu.lst,fstab,hvc0.conf,以便新內核能在 Xen 虛擬環境裏正常啟動

  # vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
  Kernel command line: root=/dev/xvda1 xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 nosep nodevfs ramdisk_size=32768 ip_conntrack.hashsize=8192 nf_conntrack.hashsize=8192 ro devtmpfs.mount=1 
   
  

  # vi /etc/fstab
  /dev/xvda1      /           ext4    noatime,errors=remount-ro       0 1
  /dev/xvda2      none        swap    sw                              0 0
  tmpfs           /dev/shm    tmpfs   nodev,nosuid,noexec,mode=1777   0 0
  devpts          /dev/pts    devpts  gid=5,mode=620                  0 0
  sysfs           /sys        sysfs   defaults                        0 0
  /proc           /proc       proc    defaults                        0 0
  /dev/xvdb       /home       ext4    noatime,errors=remount-ro       0 1

  # vi /etc/init/hvc0.conf
  # hvc0 - getty
  #
  # This service maintains a getty on hvc0 from the point the system is
  # started until it is shut down again.
  
  start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
  stop on runlevel [!2345]
  
  respawn
  exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 hvc0

  7.退出chroot並逆順序卸載剛才掛載的目錄

  umount /mnt/os_tpl/proc/
  umount /mnt/os_tpl/sys/
  umount /mnt/os_tpl/dev/pts/
  umount /mnt/os_tpl/dev/
  umount /mnt/os_tpl

  # xl create test.cfg

創建虛擬機

• windows
  1.創建磁盤/磁盤鏡像

  lvcreate -L 20G -n xxx vg

  2.從模版mbr恢復mbr到磁盤

  dd if=2003_tpl.mbr of=/dev/mapper/vg_lv_name  count=1 bs=512

  3.創建分區設備

  kpartx -av /dev/mapper/vg_lv_name

  4.復制模版數據到分區設備

  ntfsclone -r -O /dev/mapper/vg_lv_namep1 windows_tpl.img

  4.根據需要在分區設備執行resize

  ntfsresize -f -v /dev/mapper/vg_lv_namep1

  5.刪除分區設備

  kpartx -dv /dev/mapper/vg_lv_name

• Linux
  1.建立虛擬磁盤

  dd if=/dev/zero of=test.img bs=1 count=1 seek=10G

  2.格式化虛擬磁盤

  mkfs.ext4 test.img

  3.掛載虛擬磁盤

  mount -o loop test.img /mnt

  4.釋放模版文件到目標位置

  tar -zxSf test.tar.gz -C /mnt/

# vi /etc/xen/test.cfg
bootloader = "pygrub"
root = "/dev/xvda ro"
name = "test"
vcpus = "1"
memory = "2048"
disk = [ "file:/root/test.img,xvda,w","file:/root/test.swp,xvdb,w" ]
vif = [ "bridge=xenbr0" ]