雜項

1、mariadb默認引擎其實xtradb

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW ENGINES;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine             | Support | Comment                                                                    | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| CSV                | YES     | CSV storage engine                                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MRG_MYISAM         | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                                      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MEMORY             | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables                  | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| BLACKHOLE          | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears)             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MyISAM             | YES     | MyISAM storage engine                                                      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Percona-XtraDB, Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES          | YES  | YES        |
 

XtraBackup

1、安裝XtraBackup

yum install percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -y

1.1 查看安裝生成的文件

[root@master2 ~]# rpm -ql percona-xtrabackup
/usr/bin/innobackupex
/usr/bin/xbcloud
/usr/bin/xbcloud_osenv
/usr/bin/xbcrypt
/usr/bin/xbstream
/usr/bin/xtrabackup
/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2
/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2/COPYING
/usr/share/man/man1/innobackupex.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xbcrypt.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xbstream.1.gz
 

/usr/share/man/man1/xtrabackup.1.gz

1.2 準備工作

1.2.1 確保所有表都是InnoDB

1.2.2 確認一個參數，該參數實現很多高級功能（單獨的表空間功能）
MariaDB [hellodb]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE ‘innodb%‘;
| innodb_file_per_table                     | OFF

1.2.3 因為已經有數據庫了。需要刪除多有數據庫，開啟參數，重新生成；
[root@master2 ~]# rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[root@master2 ~]# rm -rf /data/binlogs/*
[root@master2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

innodb_file_per_table=ON

[root@master2 ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service

1.2.4 還原數據庫
[root@master2 ~]# mysql < all.sql
MariaDB [hellodb]> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |     30349 |
| mysql-bin.000002 |   1038814 |
| mysql-bin.000003 |    522279 |
 

2、備份

2.1 創建備份目錄

[root@master2 ~]# mkdir /backups/

2.2 備份

2.1 全數據庫備份
[root@master2 ~]# innobackupex --user=root /backups/

2.2 將數據庫恢復至master1
2.2.1 master1準備：
[root@master1 data]# mkdir -pv /data/mysql
mkdir: created directory ‘/data’
mkdir: created directory ‘/data/mysql’
[root@master1 data]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
[root@master1 data]# service mysqld start
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+

2.2.2 恢復備份
拷貝數據庫倒要恢復的機子：
[root@master2 ~]# scp /backups/2017-01-28_03-19-23/* root@master1:/tmp/backups

目錄整理：
[root@master1 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /backups/2017-01-28_03-19-23/

恢復備份：
[root@master1 ~]# service mysqld stop
[root@master1 ~]# rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[root@master1 ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /backups/2017-01-28_03-19-23/

[root@master1 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/*
[root@master1 mysql]# rm -rf ib_logfile*
[root@master1 mysql]# service mysqld start

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb            |

3、增量備份

3.1 準備

創建表：
MariaDB [hellodb]> CREATE TABLE testtb (id int);

插入數據：
MariaDB [hellodb]> INSERT INTO testtb VALUES (1),(10),(99);

MariaDB [hellodb]> SELECT * FROM testtb;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    1 |
|   10 |
|   99 |
+------+

3.2 重新做完全備份

刪除之前的備份
[root@master1 ~]# rm -rf /backups/*

完全備份
[root@master1 ~]# innobackupex /backups/

查看備份類型：
[root@master1 ~]# cat /backups/2017-01-28_05-05-39/xtrabackup_checkpoints 
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 1645521
last_lsn = 1645521
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0

3.3 數據修改，準備實驗增量備份

刪除表：
MariaDB [hellodb]> DROP TABLE coc;

MariaDB [hellodb]> INSERT INTO testtb VALUES (44),(32);
插入數據

3.4 增量備份

innobackupex --incremental /backups/ --incremental-basedir=/backups/2017-01-28_05-05-39

[root@master1 ~]# cat /backups/2017-01-28_08-02-15/xtrabackup_checkpoints 
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 1645521
to_lsn = 1647443
last_lsn = 1647443
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0

3.5 備份還原

停止數據庫

3.5.1 整理完全備份
[root@master1 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backups/2017-01-28_05-05-39/

3.5.2 整理增量備份
[root@master1 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backups/2017-01-28_05-05-39/ --incremental-dir=/backups/2017-01-28_08-02-15/

3.5.3 刪除數據
[root@master1 ~]# rm -rf /data/mysql/*

3.5.4 恢復備份
[root@master1 ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /backups/2017-01-28_05-05-39/

3.5.5 更改權限
[root@master1 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql ./*

3.5.6 啟動數據庫
MariaDB [hellodb]> SELECT * FROM testtb;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    1 |
|   10 |
|   99 |
|   44 |
|   32 |

4、備份單張表

MariaDB恢復備份雜記（2）