MySQL常用命令、正常登錄數據庫、重置root密碼
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-03-23
mysql MySQL 重置數據庫密碼 連接mysql數據庫 mysql基本操作 更改mysql數據庫的root密碼
修改root密碼命令為
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot定義環境變量
臨時定義環境變量
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ //臨時定義環境變量
echo $PATH //顯示環境變量
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/tmp/:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin/永久定義環境變量
vim /etc/profile
增加代碼
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/source /etc/profile //生效文件
登錄MySQL
指定使用賬號root密碼登錄，-u後面為賬號，-p後面可以跟密碼；
mysql -uroot -p
mysql -uroot -p‘123456789‘設置密碼
在空密碼下指定密碼為123456
mysqladmin -uroot password ‘123456‘;在有密碼的情況下修改密碼
舊密碼123456修改為123456789
mysqladmin -uroot -p‘123456‘ password ‘123456789‘忘記root密碼
編輯配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf在[mysqld]下增加一行skip-grant
預覽
[mysqld] skip-grant //跳過密碼驗證 datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
重啟mysql服務
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart登錄mysql修改
mysql -uroot
use mysql;
update user set password=password(‘123456‘) where user=‘root‘;取消配置文件配置
vim /etc/my.cnf
取消代碼
skip-grant重啟mysql服務
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart測試驗證
mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘
使用密碼123456登錄成功連接MySQL
常用的連接命令
mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘ //連接本機 mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘ -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 //連接遠程機器127.0.0.1為ip，3306為端口 mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘ -S/tmp/mysql.sock //使用sock方式連接，只適合本機連接 mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘ -e "show databases" //列出mysql的所有數據庫，用於shell命令
mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘ -e "show databases"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+MySQL常用命令
必須登錄mysql才能使用的命令
使用命令後面必須加；號
查詢庫 show databases;
切換庫 use mysql;
查看庫裏的表 show tables;
查看表裏的字段 desc tb_name;
查看建表語句 show create table tb_name\G;
查看當前用戶 select user();
查看當前使用的數據庫 select database();
創建庫 create database db1;
創建表 use db1; create table t1(idint(4),namechar(40));
查看當前數據庫版本 select version();
查看數據庫狀態 show status;
查看各參數 show variables; show variables like ‘max_connect%‘;
修改參數 set global max_connect_errors=1000;
查看隊列 show processlist; show full processlist;
查詢庫
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)切換庫
mysql> use mysql；
Database changed查看庫裏面的表
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
28 rows in set (0.00 sec)查看表裏面的字段
註意：格式是
desc [表名];
desc user;
mysql> desc user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |
| Select_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Process_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Super_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| ssl_type | enum(‘‘,‘ANY‘,‘X509‘,‘SPECIFIED‘) | NO | | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |
| password_expired | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
43 rows in set (0.00 sec)查看創建表的語句
show create table user\G;
查看當前用戶
select user();
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)查看當前使用的數據庫
select database();
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)創建庫
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)創建表
use db1; //切換到db1庫
create table t1(`id` int(4),`name` char(40)); //註意：中間使用的是反引號，創建表t1查看數據庫版本
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.36 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)查看數據庫狀態
show status;
查看參數
show variables;
show variables like ‘max_connect%‘; //模糊查詢max_connect，後面必須加%
set global max_connect_errors=1000; //修改max_connect_errors參數為1000查看隊列
show processlist;
show full processlist; //查看哪些用戶在連接數據庫（完整版）MySQL常用命令、正常登錄數據庫、重置root密碼