1. 程式人生 > >ES02 變量、數組、對象、方法

ES02 變量、數組、對象、方法

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1 變量

  1.1 變量的聲明

    利用var關鍵字來聲明變量,例如:

    var a = 100;
技術分享圖片
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title>JavaScriptTest</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name
="keywords" content=""> <link href="" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- <script src="/js/jquery.js"></script> --> <script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script> var a = 100; function test01() { alert("變量a的值為:" + a); }
</script> </head> <body> <p id="testP">Hello Boy</p> <button id="test" onClick="test01()">測試按鈕</button><br /> <script> </script> </body> </html>
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  1.2 變量的作用域

    1.2.1 局部作用域

      在函數中聲明的作用域叫做局部作用域

    1.2.2 全局作用域

      在函數之外聲明的作用與叫做全局作用域

    1.2.3 區別

      局部作用域中可以獲取全局變量,但是局部變量只能在局部作用域中使用,即:局部變量只能在聲明它的方法中使用

      技術分享圖片

技術分享圖片
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title>JavaScriptTest</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="keywords" content="">
<link href="" rel="stylesheet">

<!-- <script src="/js/jquery.js"></script> -->
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
    var a = "全局變量a";
    function test01() {
        var b = "局部變量b";
        alert("test01方法 -> " + a);
        alert("test01方法 -> " + b);
    }
    function test02() {
        alert("test02方法 -> " + a);
        alert("test02方法 -> " + b);
    }
</script>
    
</head>
<body>
    <p id="testP">Hello Boy</p>
    
    <button id="test01" onClick="test01()">測試按鈕01</button><br />
    <button id="test02" onClick="test02()">測試按鈕02</button>

    <script>
    
    </script>

    
</body>
</html>
View Code

      坑01:在局部作用域中如果使用的變量未i進行聲明操作就會到全局中去尋找對應的全局變量,如果沒找到就會創建一個全局變量

      技術分享圖片

技術分享圖片
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title>JavaScriptTest</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="keywords" content="">
<link href="" rel="stylesheet">

<!-- <script src="/js/jquery.js"></script> -->
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
    var a = "全局變量a";
    function test01() {
        b = "Hello Boy"
        alert("test01方法 -> " + a);
        alert("test01方法 -> " + b);
    }
    function test02() {
        alert("test02方法 -> " + a);
        alert("test02方法 -> " + b);
    }
</script>
    
</head>
<body>
    <p id="testP">Hello Boy</p>
    
    <button id="test01" onClick="test01()">測試按鈕01</button><br />
    <button id="test02" onClick="test02()">測試按鈕02</button>

    <script>
    
    </script>

    
</body>
</html>
View Code

2 數組

  2.1 數組的聲明

    2.1.1 利用 Array 對象進行聲明

var list01 = new Array();

    2.1.2 利用 [ ] 進行聲明

var list01 = [];

  2.2 數組的賦值

    數組名[數組元素索引]

list01[0] = "warrior";
list01[4] = "fury";

    坑01:中間為進行初始化的數組元素自動賦值為 undefined

  2.3 數組的聲明和賦值

    2.3.1 利用 Array 對象實現

var list01 = new Array("warrior", "fury", "重慶火鍋");

    2.3.2 利用 [ ] 實現

var list01 = ["warrior", "fury", "重慶火鍋", "小面"];
技術分享圖片
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title>JavaScriptTest</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="keywords" content="">
<link href="" rel="stylesheet">

<!-- <script src="/js/jquery.js"></script> -->
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
    var list01 = ["warrior", "fury", "重慶火鍋", "小面"];
    function test01() {
        for (var i = list01.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            console.log(list01[i]);
        }
    }
    function test02() {
        
    }
</script>
    
</head>
<body>
    <p id="testP">Hello Boy</p>
    
    <button id="test01" onClick="test01()">測試按鈕01</button><br />
    <button id="test02" onClick="test02()">測試按鈕02</button>

    <script>
    
    </script>

    
</body>
</html>
View Code

3 對象

  3.1 對象的聲明

    3.1.1 利用 Object

var obj = new Object()

    3.1.2 利用 { }

var obj = {};

  3.2 對象的賦值

    obj.name = "warrior";
    obj.address = "重慶市";

  3.3 對象的聲明和賦值

    3.3.1 利用Object

    var obj = new Object({
        name: "warrior",
        address: "重慶",
        age: 123
    });

    3.3.2 利用 { }

    var obj = {
        name: "warrior",
        address: "重慶"
    };

4 方法

    function onCompute() {
        alert("hello boy");
        var a = document.getElementById("a");
        var b = document.getElementById("b");
        document.getElementById("result").value = Number(a.value) + Number(b.value);
    }
技術分享圖片
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title>JavaScriptTest</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="keywords" content="">
<link href="" rel="stylesheet">

<!-- <script src="/js/jquery.js"></script> -->
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
    
    function onCompute() {
        alert("hello boy");
        var a = document.getElementById("a");
        var b = document.getElementById("b");
        document.getElementById("result").value = Number(a.value) + Number(b.value);
    }


    function test01() {
    }
    function test02() {
        
    }
</script>
    
</head>
<body>
    <input type="number" id="a" placeholder="加數01" />
    &nbsp;
    <span> + </span>
    &nbsp;
    <input type="number" id="b" placeholder="加數02" />
    &nbsp;
    <span> = </span>
    &nbsp;
    <input type="number" id="result" placeholder="結果" />
    &nbsp;
    <button id="compute" onclick="onCompute()">計算</button>
    <hr />
    
    <button id="test01" onClick="test01()">測試按鈕01</button><br />
    <button id="test02" onClick="test02()">測試按鈕02</button>

    <script>
    
    </script>

    
</body>
</html>
View Code

  4.1 有參方法

    坑01:由於JavaScript是動態類型語言,所以在定義方法時的形參不用指定類型,用合法的變量名指明就行啦

    function test01(a, b) {
        alert(a);
        alert(b);
    }

  4.2 帶返回值的方法

    function test02(a, b) {
        alert(test03(a, b));
    }
    function test03(a, b) {
        return a + b;
    }
技術分享圖片
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title>JavaScriptTest</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="keywords" content="">
<link href="" rel="stylesheet">

<!-- <script src="/js/jquery.js"></script> -->
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
    
    function onCompute() {
        alert("hello boy");
        var a = document.getElementById("a");
        var b = document.getElementById("b");
        document.getElementById("result").value = Number(a.value) + Number(b.value);
    }


    function test01(a, b) {
        alert(a);
        alert(b);
    }
    function test02(a, b) {
        alert(test03(a, b));
    }
    function test03(a, b) {
        return a + b;
    }
</script>
    
</head>
<body>
    <input type="number" id="a" placeholder="加數01" />
    &nbsp;
    <span> + </span>
    &nbsp;
    <input type="number" id="b" placeholder="加數02" />
    &nbsp;
    <span> = </span>
    &nbsp;
    <input type="number" id="result" placeholder="結果" />
    &nbsp;
    <button id="compute" onclick="onCompute()">計算</button>
    <hr />
    
    <button id="test01" onClick="test01(‘warrior‘, ‘重慶‘)">測試按鈕01</button><br />
    <button id="test02" onClick="test02(1, 2)">測試按鈕02</button>

    <script>
    
    </script>

    
</body>
</html>
View Code

ES02 變量、數組、對象、方法