• 刪除國外源CentOS-Base.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-CR.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

• 添加國內源

  • wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  • curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

    因為剛剛把yum源刪掉了，wget沒有安裝，無法yum安裝所以使用curl來進行添加。

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1572  100  1572    0     0   7271      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  7311
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-CR.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
 

之後可以安裝一個rpm包試一下

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y wget
已加載插件：fastestmirror
base                                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                       | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
Determining fastest mirrors
正在解決依賴關系
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 wget.x86_64.0.1.14-13.el7 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關系完成

依賴關系解決

====================================================================================================================================================
 Package                          架構                               版本                                    源                                大小
====================================================================================================================================================
正在安裝:
 wget                             x86_64                             1.14-13.el7                             base                             546 k

事務概要
====================================================================================================================================================
安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量：546 k
安裝大小：2.0 M
Downloading packages:
wget-1.14-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                  | 546 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安裝    : wget-1.14-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                                         1/1 
  驗證中      : wget-1.14-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                                         1/1 

已安裝:
  wget.x86_64 0:1.14-13.el7                                                                                                                         

完畢！
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
 

安裝擴展源epel

• yum install -y epel-release

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-CR.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解決依賴關系
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-9 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關系完成
完畢！

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo  epel-testing.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  epel.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

多了兩個安裝源

yum下載rpm包

• 僅下載不安裝：[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly

• 下載位置在：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/倉庫名/packages/

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm

• 指定下載目錄：-- downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關系
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-25.el7_3.1 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關系完成

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
1.txt                                                                     
1.txt.gz 
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

• 如果下載已經安裝過的rpm包會提示已經安裝，不會下載。除了卸載已經安裝的包重新下載外還有一個方法：yum reinstall

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: ftp.jaist.ac.jp
軟件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 已安裝並且是最新版本
無須任何處理

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關系
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 vim-enhanced.x86_64.2.7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 將被 已重新安裝
--> 解決依賴關系完成

源碼包安裝

• 首先需要根據自己需求下載一個源碼包

  約定：以後源碼包下載好後放到cd /usr/local/src/下

• 可以下載一個apache進行安裝實驗

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
--2017-08-29 22:37:00--  http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
正在解析主機 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)... 101.6.6.178, 2402:f000:1:416:101:6:6:177
正在連接 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)|101.6.6.178|:80... 已連接。
已發出 HTTP 請求，正在等待回應... 302 Found
位置：http://219.239.26.14/files/5162000009CC51A1/mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz [跟隨至新的 URL]
--2017-08-29 22:37:00--  http://219.239.26.14/files/5162000009CC51A1/mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
正在連接 219.239.26.14:80... 已連接。
已發出 HTTP 請求，正在等待回應... 200 OK
長度：7684420 (7.3M) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz”

100%[==========================================================================================================>] 7,684,420   1.43MB/s 用時 5.1s   

2017-08-29 22:37:06 (1.43 MB/s) - 已保存 “httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz” [7684420/7684420])

[root@localhost src]# ls
httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz

• 解壓包 ：tar zxvf -zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz

• 查看源碼包

[root@localhost src]# ls
httpd-2.2.32  httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.2.32
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.32]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE  BuildAll.dsp  config.layout  emacs-style  httpd.spec      LAYOUT        LICENSE       NOTICE         README.platforms  srclib
acinclude.m4  BuildBin.dsp  configure      httpd.dep    include         libhttpd.dep  Makefile.in   NWGNUmakefile  README-win32.txt  support
Apache.dsw    buildconf     configure.in   httpd.dsp    INSTALL         libhttpd.dsp  Makefile.win  os             ROADMAP           test
build         CHANGES       docs           httpd.mak    InstallBin.dsp  libhttpd.mak  modules       README         server            VERSIONING
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.32]# 

• 查看源碼包INSTALL文件裏面有提示安裝方法

  For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or
  http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/install.html
  
   $ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
   $ make
   $ make install
   $ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start

• 安裝源碼包

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library ...

checking for APR... reconfig
configuring package in srclib/apr now
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.5.2
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.32/srclib/apr‘:
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log‘ for more details
configure failed for srclib/apr
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.32]# 

這條命令執行是有報錯的。查看上一條命令執行的有沒有報錯輸入“echo $?”。輸出結果不是0說明有報錯

報錯說明gcc不存在，這樣的話yum安裝一下，yum install gcc

• 之後再進行安裝，看看還有沒有錯，如果還有錯就會停下來告訴哪裏有問題。

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?
0

安裝完之後檢測echo $? 是0 ，說明沒有問題

• 之後該make了

大概等兩分鐘的樣子之後完成，然後查看有沒有錯誤

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?
0

• 之後該make install

這條命令是安裝編譯好的文件

查看目錄下都安裝了什麽

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.32]# ls /usr/local/apache2/
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  lib  logs  man  manual  modules
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.32]# 

- ### 卸載就是刪除安裝的文件

- ### 下載源碼包一定要註意安全，去官方或者可信任站點下載

# 擴展
1. 配置yum源優先級 http://ask.apelearn.com/question/7168
2. 把源碼包打包成rpm包 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-09/70096.htm

yum更換國內源，yum下載rpm包，源碼包安裝