1. 程式人生 > >簡介Linux C的線程池

簡介Linux C的線程池

回調函數 web 初始化 return lock CP 失敗 ads while

  前言:前面有篇博客已經介紹了線程、線程的信號量和互斥鎖,請參考博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/liudw-0215/p/8966645.html,接下來將介紹線程池。

  一、理解

  線程池能有效的處理多個線程的並發問題,避免大量的線程因為互相強占系統資源導致阻塞現象,能夠有效的降低頻繁創建和銷毀線程對性能所帶來的開銷。

  大多數的網絡服務器,包括Web服務器都具有一個特點,就是單位時間內必須處理數目巨大的連接請求,但是處理時間卻是比較短的。在傳統的多線程服務器模型中是這樣實現的:一旦有個請求到達,就創建一個新的線程,由該線程執行任務,任務執行完畢之後,線程就退出。這就是"即時創建,即時銷毀"的策略。盡管與創建進程相比,創建線程的時間已經大大的縮短,但是如果提交給線程的任務是執行時間較短,而且執行次數非常頻繁,那麽服務器就將處於一個不停的創建線程和銷毀線程的狀態。這筆開銷是不可忽略的,尤其是線程執行的時間非常非常短的情況。

  線程池就是為了解決上述問題的,它的實現原理是這樣的:在應用程序啟動之後,就馬上創建一定數量的線程,放入空閑的隊列中。這些線程都是處於阻塞狀態,這些線程只占一點內存,不占用CPU。當任務到來後,線程池將選擇一個空閑的線程,將任務傳入此線程中運行。當所有的線程都處在處理任務的時候,線程池將自動創建一定的數量的新線程,用於處理更多的任務。執行任務完成之後線程並不退出,而是繼續在線程池中等待下一次任務。當大部分線程處於阻塞狀態時,線程池將自動銷毀一部分的線程,回收系統資源。

  下面是一個簡單線程池的實現,這個線程池的代碼是我參考網上的一個例子實現的,並進行了加工和修改。

  二、示例

  主要由三個文件組成:threadpool.h頭文件、threadpool.c源文件和mainpool.c組成。源碼中已有重要的註釋,就不加以分析了。

  • threadpool.h頭文件:
#include "my.h"
struct job
{
    void* (*callback_function)(void *arg);    //線程回調函數

void *arg; //回調函數參數 struct job *next; }; struct threadpool { int thread_num; //線程池中開啟線程的個數 int queue_max_num; //隊列中最大job的個數
struct job *head; //指向job的頭指針 struct job *tail; //指向job的尾指針 pthread_t *pthreads; //線程池中所有線程的pthread_t pthread_mutex_t mutex; //互斥信號量 pthread_cond_t queue_empty; //隊列為空的條件變量 pthread_cond_t queue_not_empty; //隊列不為空的條件變量 pthread_cond_t queue_not_full; //隊列不為滿的條件變量 int queue_cur_num; //隊列當前的job個數 int queue_close; //隊列是否已經關閉 int pool_close; //線程池是否已經關閉 }; //================================================================================================ ////函數名: threadpool_init ////函數描述: 初始化線程池 ////輸入: [in] thread_num 線程池開啟的線程個數 //// [in] queue_max_num 隊列的最大job個數 ////輸出: 無 ////返回: 成功:線程池地址 失敗:NULL ////================================================================================================ //struct threadpool* threadpool_init(int thread_num, int queue_max_num); // ////================================================================================================ ////函數名: threadpool_add_job ////函數描述: 向線程池中添加任務 ////輸入: [in] pool 線程池地址 //// [in] callback_function 回調函數 //// [in] arg 回調函數參數 ////輸出: 無 ////返回: 成功:0 失敗:-1 ////================================================================================================ int threadpool_add_job(struct threadpool *pool, void* (*callback_function)(void *arg), void *arg); // ////================================================================================================ ////函數名: threadpool_destroy ////函數描述: 銷毀線程池 ////輸入: [in] pool 線程池地址 ////輸出: 無 ////返回: 成功:0 失敗:-1 ////================================================================================================ int threadpool_destroy(struct threadpool *pool); // ////================================================================================================ ////函數名: threadpool_function ////函數描述: 線程池中線程函數 ////輸入: [in] arg 線程池地址 ////輸出: 無 ////返回: 無 ////================================================================================================ void* threadpool_function(void* arg);
  •   threadpool.c源文件:
    #include "threadpool.h"
    #include "my.h"
    
    struct threadpool* threadpool_init(int thread_num, int queue_max_num)
    {
        struct threadpool *pool = NULL;
        do 
        {
        pool = malloc(sizeof(struct threadpool));
        if (NULL == pool)
        {
            printf("failed to malloc threadpool!\n");
            break;
        }
        pool->thread_num = thread_num;
        pool->queue_max_num = queue_max_num;
        pool->queue_cur_num = 0;
        pool->head = NULL;
        pool->tail = NULL;
        if (pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->mutex), NULL))
        {
            printf("failed to init mutex!\n");
            break;
        }
        if (pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_empty), NULL))
        {
            printf("failed to init queue_empty!\n");
            break;
        }
        if (pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_empty), NULL))
        {
            printf("failed to init queue_not_empty!\n");
            break;
        }
        if (pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_full), NULL))
        {
            printf("failed to init queue_not_full!\n");
            break;
        }
        pool->pthreads = malloc(sizeof(pthread_t) * thread_num);
        if (NULL == pool->pthreads)
        {
            printf("failed to malloc pthreads!\n");
            break;
        }
        pool->queue_close = 0;
        pool->pool_close = 0;
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < pool->thread_num; ++i)
        {
            pthread_create(&(pool->pthreads[i]), NULL, threadpool_function, (void *)pool);
        }
    
        return pool;    
        } while (0);
    
        return NULL;
    }
    
    int threadpool_add_job(struct threadpool* pool, void* (*callback_function)(void *arg), void *arg)
    {
        assert(pool != NULL);
        assert(callback_function != NULL);
        assert(arg != NULL);
    
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->mutex));
        while ((pool->queue_cur_num == pool->queue_max_num) && !(pool->queue_close || pool->pool_close))
        {
        pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_full), &(pool->mutex));   //隊列滿的時候就等待
        }
        if (pool->queue_close || pool->pool_close)    //隊列關閉或者線程池關閉就退出
        {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
        return -1;
        }
        struct job *pjob =(struct job*) malloc(sizeof(struct job));
        if (NULL == pjob)
        {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
        return -1;
        } 
        pjob->callback_function = callback_function;    
        pjob->arg = arg;
        pjob->next = NULL;
        if (pool->head == NULL)   
        {
        pool->head = pool->tail = pjob;
        pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_empty));  //隊列空的時候,有任務來時就通知線程池中的線程:隊列非空
        }
        else
        {
        pool->tail->next = pjob;
        pool->tail = pjob;    
        }
        pool->queue_cur_num++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
        return 0;
    }
    
    void* threadpool_function(void* arg)
    {
        struct threadpool *pool = (struct threadpool*)arg;
        struct job *pjob = NULL;
        while (1)  //死循環
        {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->mutex));
        while ((pool->queue_cur_num == 0) && !pool->pool_close)   //隊列為空時,就等待隊列非空
        {
            pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_empty), &(pool->mutex));
        }
        if (pool->pool_close)   //線程池關閉,線程就退出
        {
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
            pthread_exit(NULL);
        }
        pool->queue_cur_num--;
        pjob = pool->head;
        if (pool->queue_cur_num == 0)
        {
            pool->head = pool->tail = NULL;
        }
        else 
        {
            pool->head = pjob->next;
        }
        if (pool->queue_cur_num == 0)
        {
            pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_empty));        //隊列為空,就可以通知threadpool_destroy函數,銷毀線程函數
        }
        if (pool->queue_cur_num == pool->queue_max_num - 1)
        {
            pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_full));  //隊列非滿,就可以通知threadpool_add_job函數,添加新任務
        }
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
    
        (*(pjob->callback_function))(pjob->arg);   //線程真正要做的工作,回調函數的調用
        free(pjob);
        pjob = NULL;    
        }
    }
    int threadpool_destroy(struct threadpool *pool)
    {
        assert(pool != NULL);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->mutex));
        if (pool->queue_close || pool->pool_close)   //線程池已經退出了,就直接返回
        {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
        return -1;
        }
    
        pool->queue_close = 1;        //置隊列關閉標誌
        while (pool->queue_cur_num != 0)
        {
        pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_empty), &(pool->mutex));  //等待隊列為空
        }    
    
        pool->pool_close = 1;      //置線程池關閉標誌
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
        pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_empty));  //喚醒線程池中正在阻塞的線程
        pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_full));   //喚醒添加任務的threadpool_add_job函數
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < pool->thread_num; ++i)
        {
        pthread_join(pool->pthreads[i], NULL);    //等待線程池的所有線程執行完畢
        }
    
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->mutex));          //清理資源
        pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_empty));
        pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_not_empty));   
        pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_not_full));    
        free(pool->pthreads);
        struct job *p;
        while (pool->head != NULL)
        {
        p = pool->head;
        pool->head = p->next;
        free(p);
        }
        free(pool);
        return 0;
    }

    mainpool.c文件:

  • #include "threadpool.h"
    
    void* work(void* arg)
    {
        char *p = (char*) arg;
        printf("threadpool callback fuction : %s.\n", p);
        sleep(1);
    }
    
    int main(void)
    {
        struct threadpool *pool = (struct threadpool *)threadpool_init(10, 20);
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "1");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "2");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "3");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "4");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "5");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "6");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "7");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "8");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "9");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "10");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "11");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "12");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "13");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "14");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "15");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "16");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "17");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "18");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "19");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "20");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "21");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "22");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "23");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "24");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "25");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "26");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "27");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "28");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "29");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "30");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "31");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "32");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "33");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "34");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "35");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "36");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "37");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "38");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "39");
        threadpool_add_job(pool, work, "40");
    
        sleep(5);
        threadpool_destroy(pool);
        return 0;
    }

  • 技術分享圖片

簡介Linux C的線程池