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數據庫---表---多表查詢

closed alt employ into ima close 笛卡爾積 microsoft color

多表查詢

  • 多表連接查詢
  • 復合條件連接查詢
  • 子查詢

一、準備表

技術分享圖片
#建表
create table department(
id int,
name varchar(20) 
);

create table employee(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
sex enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) not null default ‘male‘,
age int,
dep_id int
);

#插入數據
insert into department values
(200,‘技術‘),
(201,‘人力資源‘),
(
202,‘銷售‘), (203,‘運營‘); insert into employee(name,sex,age,dep_id) values (‘egon‘,‘male‘,18,200), (‘alex‘,‘female‘,48,201), (‘wupeiqi‘,‘male‘,38,201), (‘yuanhao‘,‘female‘,28,202), (‘liwenzhou‘,‘male‘,18,200), (‘jingliyang‘,‘female‘,18,204) ; #查看表結構和數據 mysql> desc department; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null
| Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ mysql> desc employee; +--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null
| Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | sex | enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) | NO | | male | | | age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dep_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ mysql> select * from department; +------+--------------+ | id | name | +------+--------------+ | 200 | 技術 | | 201 | 人力資源 | | 202 | 銷售 | | 203 | 運營 | +------+--------------+ mysql> select * from employee; +----+------------+--------+------+--------+ | id | name | sex | age | dep_id | +----+------------+--------+------+--------+ | 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | | 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | | 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | | 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | | 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | | 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | +----+------------+--------+------+--------+ 表department與employee
創建表,插入數據

二、多表連接查詢

語法:

#重點:外鏈接語法

SELECT 字段列表
    FROM 表1 INNER|LEFT|RIGHT JOIN 表2
    ON 表1.字段 = 表2.字段;

2.1交叉連接:不適用任何匹配條件,生成笛卡爾積

技術分享圖片
mysql> select * from employee,department;
        +----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
        | id | name       | sex    | age  | dep_id | id   | name         |
        +----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
        |  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  200 | 技術         |
        |  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  201 | 人力資源     |
        |  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  202 | 銷售         |
        |  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  203 | 運營         |
        |  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  200 | 技術         |
        |  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  201 | 人力資源     |
        |  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  202 | 銷售         |
        |  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  203 | 運營         |
        |  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  200 | 技術         |
        |  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  201 | 人力資源     |
        |  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  202 | 銷售         |
        |  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  203 | 運營         |
        |  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  200 | 技術         |
        |  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  201 | 人力資源     |
        |  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  202 | 銷售         |
        |  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  203 | 運營         |
        |  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  200 | 技術         |
        |  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  201 | 人力資源     |
        |  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  202 | 銷售         |
        |  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  203 | 運營         |
        |  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  200 | 技術         |
        |  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  201 | 人力資源     |
        |  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  202 | 銷售         |
        |  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  203 | 運營         |
        +----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+  

交叉連接
不適用任何匹配條件。生成笛卡爾積

2.2內連接:只連接匹配的行

  • 找兩張表共有的部分,相當於利用條件從笛卡爾積結果中篩選出了正確的結果
  • department沒有204這個部門,因而employee表中關於204這條員工信息沒有匹配出來
技術分享圖片
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id; 
        +----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+
        | id | name      | age  | sex    | name         |
        +----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+
        |  1 | egon      |   18 | male   | 技術         |
        |  2 | alex      |   48 | female | 人力資源     |
        |  3 | wupeiqi   |   38 | male   | 人力資源     |
        |  4 | yuanhao   |   28 | female | 銷售         |
        |  5 | liwenzhou |   18 | male   | 技術         |
        +----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+
        
        #上述sql等同於
        mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee,department where employee.dep_id=department.id; 

內連接
內連接

2.3外連接之左連接:優先顯示左表全部記錄

  • 以左表為準,即找出所有員工信息,當然包括沒有部門的員工
  • 本質就是:在內連接的基礎上增加左邊有右邊沒有的結果
技術分享圖片
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee left join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
+----+------------+--------------+
| id | name       | depart_name  |
+----+------------+--------------+
|  1 | egon       | 技術         |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | 技術         |
|  2 | alex       | 人力資源     |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | 人力資源     |
|  4 | yuanhao    | 銷售         |
|  6 | jingliyang | NULL         |
+----+------------+--------------+
左連接

2.4

  

  

數據庫---表---多表查詢