MySQL的多實例配置

? 在一臺物理機中需要多個測試環境，那麽就需要用到了搭建數據庫的多個實例，多個實例的意思就是運行多份程序，實例與實例之間沒有影響。要註意監聽的端口需要不同。

環境：CentOS7.5，編譯安裝MariaDB-10.2.15版本，軟件安裝目錄：/app/mysql/

? 1）創建運行的目錄環境

[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir -p /mysqldb/{3306,3307,3308}/{etc,socket,pid,log,data,bin}
[root@centos7 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldb/

? 2）初始化數據庫

[root@centos7 ~]# cd /app/mysql/
[root@centos7 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysqldb/3306/data/ --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql/ 
[root@centos7 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysqldb/3307/data/ --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql/
[root@centos7 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysqldb/3308/data/ --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql/
 

以上是編譯安裝的，安裝目錄為/app/mysql/，需要先進入軟件的安裝目錄然後執行初始化腳本，如果是yum安裝的包，則直接運行mysql_install_db命令即可

? 3）提供配置文件並按需要修改

[root@centos7 mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /mysqldb/3306/etc/my.cnf
[root@centos7 mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /mysqldb/3307/etc/my.cnf
[root@centos7 mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /mysqldb/3308/etc/my.cnf
 

[root@centos7 mysqldb]# cd /mysqldb/
[root@centos7 mysqldb]# vim 3306/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port        = 3306
datadir     = /mysqldb/3306/data
socket      = /mysqldb/3306/socket/mysql.sock
[root@centos7 mysqldb]# vim 3307/etc/my.cnf  #按以上配置示例更改
[root@centos7 mysqldb]# vim 3308/etc/my.cnf

? 4）提供服務啟動腳本

[root@centos7 ~]# cat mysqld  #腳本示例
 

#!/bin/bash

port=3306  #需要修改為當前實例的端口號
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd=""
cmd_path="/app/mysql/bin"  #安裝目錄下的bin
mysql_basedir="/mysqldb"  #實例數據庫文件所在目錄
mysql_sock="${mysql_basedir}/${port}/socket/mysql.sock"

function_start_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
      ${cmd_path}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysql_basedir}/${port}/etc/my.cnf  &> /dev/null  &
    else
      printf "MySQL is running...\n"
      exit
    fi
}


function_stop_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
       printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
       exit
    else
       printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
       ${cmd_path}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S ${mysql_sock} shutdown
   fi
}


function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 2
    function_start_mysql
}

case $1 in
start)
    function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
    function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
    function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
    printf "Usage: ${mysql_basedir}/${port}/bin/mysqld {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

[root@centos7 ~]# cp mysqld /mysqldb/3306/bin/
[root@centos7 ~]# cp mysqld /mysqldb/3307/bin/
[root@centos7 ~]# cp mysqld /mysqldb/3308/bin/
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld
port=3306
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld
port=3307
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld
port=3308

? 5）修改腳本文件權限，防止密碼被別人看到

[root@centos7 ~]# chmod 700 /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld 
[root@centos7 ~]# chmod 700 /mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld  
[root@centos7 ~]# chmod 700 /mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld 

? 6）啟動服務

[root@centos7 ~]# service mysqld stop  #保證自己原來的服務停止，釋放3306端口
[root@centos7 ~]# /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld start  #啟動服務
[root@centos7 ~]# /mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld start
[root@centos7 ~]# /mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld start
[root@centos7 ~]# ss -tnl  #如果看到三個實例監聽的端口都打開後說明服務啟動正常
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3307 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3308 :::*

? 7）連接測試

[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3306/socket/mysql.sock  #使用-S指定套接字文件
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port';  #查看端口是否是3306
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name       | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| extra_port          | 0     |
| large_files_support | ON    |
| port                | 3306  |
| report_port         | 3306  |
+---------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock  #再連接測試一下3307和3308
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port';
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name       | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| extra_port          | 0     |
| large_files_support | ON    |
| port                | 3307  |
| report_port         | 3307  |
+---------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3308/socket/mysql.sock
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port';
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name       | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| extra_port          | 0     |
| large_files_support | ON    |
| port                | 3308  |
| report_port         | 3308  |
+---------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

多實例搭建成功！

? 8）使用這條命令來停止實例

[root@centos7 ~]# /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld stop

? 9）最後一步：給root用戶加個密碼把~

[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock 
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution

MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD("your_password") where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
| root | centos7   | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
| root | ::1       | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
|      | localhost |                                           |
|      | centos7   |                                           |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock -uroot -p'your_password' #指定密碼，再次登錄OK~

最後將你的密碼加入bin/mysqld腳本文件中，防止服務無法啟動

@^_^@ 2018.06.04 23:27

多實例：MySQL系列之二