容器技術｜Docker三劍客之docker-compose
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-06-15
stopped fig gecko osi epo 項目 tor html gen 三劍客簡介
docker-machine
docker技術是基於Linux內核的cgroup技術實現的，那麽問題來了，在非Linux平臺上是否就不能使用docker技術了呢？答案是可以的，不過顯然需要借助虛擬機去模擬出Linux環境來。
docker-machine就是docker公司官方提出的，用於在各種平臺上快速創建具有docker服務的虛擬機的技術，甚至可以通過指定driver來定制虛擬機的實現原理（一般是virtualbox）。
docker-compose
docker鏡像在創建之後，往往需要自己手動pull來獲取鏡像，然後執行run命令來運行。當服務需要用到多種容器，容器之間又產生了各種依賴和連接的時候，部署一個服務的手動操作是令人感到十分厭煩的。
docker-swarm
swarm是基於docker平臺實現的集群技術，他可以通過幾條簡單的指令快速的創建一個docker集群，接著在集群的共享網絡上部署應用，最終實現分布式的服務。
docker-compose 的工作流程
使用Compose僅需要三步：
1、用一個定義你的應用程序的環境，Dockerfile這樣它就可以在任何地方再現。
2、定義組成您的應用程序的服務，docker-compose.yml 以便它們可以在隔離的環境中一起運行。
3、運行docker-compose up和撰寫啟動並運行您的整個應用程序。
參考文章：https://docs.docker.com/compose/overview/
docker-compose安裝布署
[root@docker ~]# curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 617 0 617 0 0 396 0 --:--:-- 0:00:01 --:--:-- 397 100 10.3M 100 10.3M 0 0 678k 0 0:00:15 0:00:15 --:--:-- 1876k [root@docker ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose [root@docker ~]# docker-compose --version docker-compose version 1.21.2, build a133471
docker-compose管理命令介紹
Compose具有管理應用程序整個生命周期的命令：
- 啟動，停止和重建服務
- 查看正在運行的服務的狀態
- 流式傳輸運行服務的日誌輸出
- 在服務上運行一次性命令
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose --help
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.
Usage:
docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
docker-compose -h|--help
Options:
-f, --file FILE Specify an alternate compose file
(default: docker-compose.yml)
-p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name
(default: directory name)
--verbose Show more output
--log-level LEVEL Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
--no-ansi Do not print ANSI control characters
-v, --version Print version and exit
-H, --host HOST Daemon socket to connect to
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert CA_PATH Trust certs signed only by this CA
--tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
--skip-hostname-check Don‘t check the daemon‘s hostname against the
name specified in the client certificate
--project-directory PATH Specify an alternate working directory
(default: the path of the Compose file)
--compatibility If set, Compose will attempt to convert deploy
keys in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent
Commands:
build Build or rebuild services
bundle Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
config Validate and view the Compose file
create Create services
down Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
events Receive real time events from containers
exec Execute a command in a running container
help Get help on a command
images List images
kill Kill containers
logs View output from containers
pause Pause services
port Print the public port for a port binding
ps List containers
pull Pull service images
push Push service images
restart Restart services
rm Remove stopped containers
run Run a one-off command
scale Set number of containers for a service
start Start services
stop Stop services
top Display the running processes
unpause Unpause services
up Create and start containers
version Show the Docker-Compose version informationdocker-compose 運行時是需要指定service名稱，可以同時指定多個，也可以不指定。不指定時默認就是對配置文件中所有的service執行命令。
-f #用於指定配置文件
-p #用於指定項目名稱
docker-compose build
用來創建或重新創建服務使用的鏡像
docker-compose build service_a
創建一個鏡像名叫service_a
docker-compose kill
用於通過容器發送SIGKILL信號強行停止服務
docker-compose logs
顯示service的日誌信息
docker-compose pause/unpause
docker-compose pause #暫停服務
docker-compose unpause #恢復被暫停的服務
docker-compose port
用於查看服務中的端口與物理機的映射關系
docker-compose port nginx_web 80
查看服務中80端口映射到物理機上的那個端口
dokcer-compose ps
用於顯示當前項目下的容器
註意，此命令與docker ps不同作用，此命令會顯示停止後的容器（狀態為Exited），只征對某個項目。
docker-compose pull
用於拉取服務依賴的鏡像
docker-compose restart
用於重啟某個服務中的所有容器
docker-compose restart service_name
只有正在運行的服務可以使用重啟命令，停止的服務是不可以重啟
docker-compose rm
刪除停止的服務（服務裏的容器）
-f #強制刪除
-v #刪除與容器相關的卷（volumes）
docker-compose run
用於在服務中運行一個一次性的命令。這個命令會新建一個容器，它的配置和srvice的配置相同。
但兩者之間還是有兩點不同之處
1、run指定的命令會直接覆蓋掉service配置中指定的命令
2、run命令啟動的容器不會創建在service配置中指定的端口，如果需要指定使用--service-ports指定
docker-compose start/stop
docker-compose start 啟動運行某個服務的所有容器
docker-compose stop 啟動運行某個服務的所有容器
docker-compose scale
指定某個服務啟動的容器個數
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose scale --help
Numbers are specified in the form `service=num` as arguments.
For example:
$ docker-compose scale web=2 worker=3
This command is deprecated. Use the up command with the `--scale` flag
instead.
Usage: scale [options] [SERVICE=NUM...]
Options:
-t, --timeout TIMEOUT Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.
(default: 10)docker-compose配置文件實例
一個docker-compose.yml的實例文件如下
version: "3"
services:
nginx:
container_name: web-nginx
image: nginx:latest
restart: always
ports:
- 80:80
volumes:
- ./webserver:/webserver
- ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf下面將配置文件做個簡單的解釋說明
docker-compose的配置文件是一個.yml格式的文件
第一部分
version: "3" #指定語法的版本
第二部分
services: #定義服務
nginx: #服務的名稱，-p參數後接服務名稱
container_name: web-nginx #容器的名稱
image: nginx:latest #鏡像
restart: always
ports: #端口映射
- 80:80
第三部分
volumes: #物理機與容器的磁盤映射關系
- ./webserver:/webserver
- ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf整體的目錄結構如下
[root@docker docker]# tree ./
./
├── docker-compose.yml
├── nginx
│?? └── nginx.conf
└── webserver
└── index.html
2 directories, 3 files配置文件如下
[root@docker docker]# cat webserver/index.html
welcome to nginx server!!!!!!!!!
[root@docker docker]# cat nginx/nginx.conf
#user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
client_max_body_size 10m;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /webserver;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}使用命令啟動容器
[root@docker docker]# docker-compose up -d
Pulling nginx (nginx:1.14)...
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ...
1.14: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
f2aa67a397c4: Already exists
6160d1ac49e9: Pull complete
046b67408776: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:85ab7c44474df01422fe8fdbf9c28e497df427e8a67ce6d47ba027c49be4bdc6
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:1.14
Creating nginx-server ... done
[root@docker docker]# lsof -i :80
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
docker-pr 891 root 4u IPv6 1187080 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@docker docker]# docker ps |grep nginx
07ca899cc44b nginx:1.14 "nginx -g ‘daemon ..." 29 seconds ago Up 28 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-server
#如果啟動時不指定裏面的服務名稱，就是直接啟動配置文件裏所有的服務瀏覽器測試是否正常訪問
然後我們修改相應的首頁文件如下
[root@docker docker]# cat webserver/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>welcome to nginx web stie</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>歡迎來nginx站點</h2>
</body>
</html>再次打開瀏覽器查看效果
#是不是非常的方便
使用Docker-Compose部署nginx代理Tomcat集群,實現負載均衡
大體步驟分為以下四步
1、下載所需的文件tomcat,jdk
2、編寫dockerfile來布署tomcat與java環境，生成鏡像文件
3、編寫docker-compose.yml配置文件，啟動所有容器服務
4、測試負載均衡
具體配置文件如下
#整個目錄結構
[root@master java]# tree ./
./
├── docker-compose.yml
├── etc
│?? └── localtime
├── nginx
│?? └── nginx.conf
├── tomcat
│?? ├── apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz
│?? ├── Dockerfile
│?? └── jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz
└── webserver
├── tomcatA
│?? └── index.jsp
└── tomcatB
└── index.jsp
6 directories, 8 files兩個測試首頁文件
[root@master java]# cat webserver/tomcatA/index.jsp
welcome to tomcat-A server
[root@master java]# cat webserver/tomcatB/index.jsp
welcome to tomcat-B server配置文件
[root@master java]# cat docker-compose.yml
version: "3"
services:
nginx:
image: nginx:1.14
restart: always
ports:
- 80:80
links:
- tomcat1:tomcat1
- tomcat2:tomcat2
volumes:
- ./webserver:/webserver
- ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
- ./etc/localtime:/etc/localtime
depends_on:
- tomcat1
- tomcat2
tomcat1:
hostname: tomcat1
build: ./tomcat
volumes:
- ./webserver/tomcatA:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/webapps/ROOT
- ./etc/localtime:/etc/localtime
tomcat2:
hostname: tomcat2
build: ./tomcat
volumes:
- ./webserver/tomcatB:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/webapps/ROOT
- ./etc/localtime:/etc/localtime安裝JAVA環境
[root@master java]# cat tomcat/Dockerfile
FROM centos
ADD jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz /usr/local
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/bin/catalina.sh", "run"]啟動所有容器服務
[root@master java]# docker-compose up
Building tomcat1
Step 1/6 : FROM centos
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos
7dc0dca2b151: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b67d21dfe609ddacf404589e04631d90a342921e81c40aeaf3391f6717fa5322
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/centos:latest
---> 49f7960eb7e4
Step 2/6 : ADD jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
---> 8c9e14062a24
Removing intermediate container a499940235ac
Step 3/6 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144
---> Running in cefedfd97f61
---> 12528cd5a517
Removing intermediate container cefedfd97f61
Step 4/6 : ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz /usr/local
---> 246fa08bea1c
Removing intermediate container a1aaaa2bf0b8
Step 5/6 : EXPOSE 8080
---> Running in 87c4b41f3c1e
---> fd207f27b830
Removing intermediate container 87c4b41f3c1e
Step 6/6 : ENTRYPOINT /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/bin/catalina.sh run
---> Running in 9adaed8e3ab9
---> b6fc6d3925f7
Removing intermediate container 9adaed8e3ab9
Successfully built b6fc6d3925f7
WARNING: Image for service tomcat1 was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.
Building tomcat2
Step 1/6 : FROM centos
---> 49f7960eb7e4
Step 2/6 : ADD jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
---> Using cache
---> 8c9e14062a24
Step 3/6 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144
---> Using cache
---> 12528cd5a517
Step 4/6 : ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz /usr/local
---> Using cache
---> 246fa08bea1c
Step 5/6 : EXPOSE 8080
---> Using cache
---> fd207f27b830
Step 6/6 : ENTRYPOINT /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/bin/catalina.sh run
---> Using cache
---> b6fc6d3925f7
Successfully built b6fc6d3925f7
WARNING: Image for service tomcat2 was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.
Pulling nginx (nginx:1.14)...
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ...
1.14: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
f2aa67a397c4: Already exists
6160d1ac49e9: Pull complete
046b67408776: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:85ab7c44474df01422fe8fdbf9c28e497df427e8a67ce6d47ba027c49be4bdc6
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:1.14
Creating java_tomcat2_1 ... done
Creating java_tomcat1_1 ... done
Creating java_nginx_1 ... done查看啟動情況
[root@master java]# docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
java_nginx_1 nginx -g daemon off; Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
java_tomcat1_1 /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8 ... Up 8080/tcp
java_tomcat2_1 /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8 ... Up 8080/tcp 檢測負載均衡
[root@master java]# curl http://localhost
welcome to tomcat-A server
[root@master java]# curl http://localhost
welcome to tomcat-B server
[root@master java]# curl http://localhost
welcome to tomcat-A server
[root@master java]# curl http://localhost
welcome to tomcat-B server瀏覽器訪問測試負載均衡
查看日誌輸出信息
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:33 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:34 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 499 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:34 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:36 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 499 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:36 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:36 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:37 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:37 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:37 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:37 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:39 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
nginx_1 | 172.19.0.1 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:18:30 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
nginx_1 | 172.19.0.1 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:18:31 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
nginx_1 | 172.19.0.1 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:18:32 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
nginx_1 | 172.19.0.1 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:18:33 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
nginx_1 | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:19:32 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"
容器技術｜Docker三劍客之docker-compose