架構師成長之路-基於android fragment通信的面向對象的萬能接口
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-07-01
ref 方法 state 常用 ise val attach 不能 lease
如果在5的基礎能夠解決代碼冗余、接口命名就好了,我們知道一個函數包括函數名、函數體、參數、返回值,那麽就可以通過搭建一個簡單的框架實現上述問題。
1 建立基類
前言
開發一個app時,常用Activity和Fragment,由於操作方便Fragment越來越受歡迎,這樣就避免不了Activity和Fragment、Fragment和Fragment之間的通信,我們知道Fragment和Fragment之間不能直接進行通信的,而是通過Activity進行通信。那麽Activity和Fragment有幾種通信方式呢,它們的優缺點又是什麽?一 常用的Activity和Fragment幾種通信方式
1 通過Handle 在Activity創建一個Handle機制實例,然後在創建Fragment的通過構造方法把Handle實例傳遞過去,這樣Fragment就可以往Activity傳送數據了。但這樣如下缺點: (1)Activity和Fragment之間耦合性增大; (2)Activity處理後的結果不能實時反饋給Fragment; (3)提高了內存泄漏風險; 2 使用static變量 缺點很明確增大內存消耗; 3 使用廣播 分別在Activity和Fragment中註冊廣播,這樣就可以實現通信了。其缺點: (1)性能差,有延遲,用戶體驗就會差; (2)一般使用的是標準廣播,一個發送,多個接收者,大材小用,性能差; (3)代碼冗余; (4)傳播的數據有限; 4 EventBus 、rxBus(俗稱萬能油) 其使用方法參考官方文檔,其優點就是實用起來簡單方便,其缺點也很明顯: (1)EventBus 、rxBus其內部使用的是反射機制,那麽其性能就會降低; (2)代碼維護困難(不熟悉的項目代碼的新人很難找到實現的方法在是如何調用的); (3)數據返回困難,它們是單向傳遞; 5 普通接口 在Fragment寫一個接口,讓Activity去實現這個接口,通過這個接口把Activity與Fragment綁定在一起,這樣Activity和Fragment實時進行通信了,其實谷歌推薦就是這麽幹的,由於每個Fragment都寫一個接口,就會造成代碼冗余;如果Fragment少的話還好,多的話,Activity實現多個接口,顯得Activity頭部很大,況且接口的命名也是一個問題;二 萬能接口
public abstract class Function { /** 方法名 */ public String mFunctionName ; public Function (String funName){ this.mFunctionName = funName; } }
2 建立無(有)參數無(有)四類
/** * 無參無返回值 * <h3>Description</h3> * TODO * <h3>Author</h3> luzhenbang * <h3>Date</h3> 2018/1/4 16:13 * <h3>Copyright</h3> Copyright (c)2018 Shenzhen TL Co., Ltd. Inc. All rights reserved. */ public abstract class FunctionNoParamNoResult extends Function { public FunctionNoParamNoResult(String funName) { super(funName); } public abstract void function(); }
/** * 有參無返回值 * <h3>Description</h3> * TODO * <h3>Author</h3> luzhenbang * <h3>Date</h3> 2018/1/4 16:13 * <h3>Copyright</h3> Copyright (c)2018 Shenzhen TL Co., Ltd. Inc. All rights reserved. */ public abstract class FunctionWithParamOnly<Param> extends Function { public FunctionWithParamOnly(String funName) { super(funName); } public abstract void function(Param param); }
/** * 有參有返回值 * <h3>Description</h3> * TODO * <h3>Author</h3> luzhenbang * <h3>Date</h3> 2018/1/4 16:13 * <h3>Copyright</h3> Copyright (c)2018 Shenzhen TL Co., Ltd. Inc. All rights reserved. */ public abstract class FunctionWithParamWithResult<Result,Param> extends Function { public FunctionWithParamWithResult(String funName) { super(funName); } public abstract Result function(Param param); }
/** * 無參有返回值 * <h3>Description</h3> * TODO * <h3>Author</h3> luzhenbang * <h3>Date</h3> 2018/1/4 16:13 * <h3>Copyright</h3> Copyright (c)2018 Shenzhen TL Co., Ltd. Inc. All rights reserved. */ public abstract class FunctionWithResultOnly<Result> extends Function { public FunctionWithResultOnly(String funName) { super(funName); } public abstract Result function(); }
3 建立管理器類
public class FunctionManager { private static FunctionManager instance = null; public static final String TAG = FunctionManager.class.getSimpleName() + "-------->"; /**容器,用來存儲方法名字 key 對應的方法名 value 對應的是 參數返回對象*/ private HashMap<String,FunctionWithParamWithResult> mFunctionWithParamWithResultHashMap = null; private HashMap<String,FunctionWithParamOnly> mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap = null; private HashMap<String,FunctionWithResultOnly> mFunctionWithResultOnlyHashMap = null; private HashMap<String,FunctionNoParamNoResult> mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap = null; private FunctionManager() { mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap = new HashMap<>(); mFunctionWithParamWithResultHashMap = new HashMap<>(); mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap = new HashMap<>(); mFunctionWithResultOnlyHashMap = new HashMap<>(); } public static FunctionManager getInstance() { if (null == instance){ instance = new FunctionManager(); } return instance; } /** * 添加無參無返回值的方法 * @return */ public FunctionManager addFunction(FunctionNoParamNoResult function){ mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap.put(function.mFunctionName,function); return this; } /** * 添加有返回值的方法 * @return */ public FunctionManager addFunction(FunctionWithResultOnly function){ mFunctionWithResultOnlyHashMap.put(function.mFunctionName,function); return this; } /** * 添加有參數的方法 * @return */ public FunctionManager addFunction(FunctionWithParamOnly function){ mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap.put(function.mFunctionName,function); return this; } /** * 添加有參有返回值的方法 * @return */ public FunctionManager addFunction(FunctionWithParamWithResult function){ mFunctionWithParamWithResultHashMap.put(function.mFunctionName,function); return this; } /** * 調用無返回值無參數的方法 * @param funName */ public void invokeNoAll (String funName) throws NullPointerException { if (TextUtils.isEmpty(funName)){ Log.e(TAG,"funName is null !"); }else { if ( null != mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap){ FunctionNoParamNoResult function = mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap.get(funName); if (null != function){ function.function(); }else { Log.e(TAG,"function is null !"); } }else { throw new NullPointerException("mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap can not be null ,please first init FunctionManager !"); } } } /** * 調用有參數的方法 * @param funName */ public <Param> void invokeWithParamOnly (String funName,Param param) throws NullPointerException { if (TextUtils.isEmpty(funName)){ Log.e(TAG,"funName is null !"); }else { if ( null != mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap){ FunctionWithParamOnly<Param> function = mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap.get(funName); if (null != function){ function.function(param); }else { Log.e(TAG,"function is null !"); } }else { throw new NullPointerException("mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap can not be null ,please first init FunctionManager !"); } } } /** * 調用有返回值的方法 * @param funName */ public <Result> Result invokeWithResultOnly (String funName, Class<Result> c) throws NullPointerException { if (TextUtils.isEmpty(funName)){ Log.e(TAG,"funName is null !"); }else { if ( null != mFunctionWithResultOnlyHashMap){ FunctionWithResultOnly function = mFunctionWithResultOnlyHashMap.get(funName); if (null != function){ if ( null != c){ return c.cast(function.function()); }else { return (Result) function.function(); } }else { Log.e(TAG,"function is null !"); } }else { throw new NullPointerException("mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap can not be null ,please first init FunctionManager !"); } } return null; } /** * 調用有參數有返回值的方法 * @param funName */ public <Result,Param> Result invokeWithAll (String funName, Class<Result> c,Param param) throws NullPointerException { if (TextUtils.isEmpty(funName)){ Log.e(TAG,"funName is null !"); }else { if ( null != mFunctionWithParamWithResultHashMap){ FunctionWithParamWithResult<Result,Param> function = mFunctionWithParamWithResultHashMap.get(funName); if (null != function){ if ( null != c){ return c.cast(function.function(param)); }else { return function.function(param); } }else { Log.e(TAG,"function is null !"); } }else { throw new NullPointerException("mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap can not be null ,please first init FunctionManager !"); } } return null; } }
4 在Activity寫一個方法
public void setFunctionForFragment(String tag){ if (TextUtils.isEmpty(tag)){ Log.e(MainActivity.class.getSimpleName(),"tag is null !"); return; } BaseFragment fragment = (BaseFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(tag); FunctionManager functionManager = FunctionManager.getInstance(); functionManager.addFunction(new FunctionNoParamNoResult(FunctionNoParamNoResult) { @Override public void function() { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "無參無返回值", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); functionManager.addFunction(new FunctionWithResultOnly<String>(FunctionWithResultOnly) { @Override public String function() { return "無參有返回值"; } }); functionManager.addFunction(new FunctionWithParamOnly<String>(FunctionWithParamOnly) { @Override public void function(String o) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, o, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); functionManager.addFunction(new FunctionWithParamWithResult<String,String>(FunctionWithParamWithResult) { @Override public String function(String o) { return o; } }); fragment.setFunctionManager(functionManager); }
5 編輯一個Fragment基類(實用Fragment的時候直接集成該類就可以了),並綁定上面建立的接口
public class BaseFragment extends Fragment{ public FunctionManager mFunctionManager; private MainActivity mainActivity; public void setFunctionManager(FunctionManager mFunctionManager) { this.mFunctionManager = mFunctionManager; } @Override public void onAttach(Context context) { super.onAttach(context); if (context instanceof MainActivity) { mainActivity = (MainActivity) context; mainActivity.setFunctionForFragment(getTag()); } else { throw new RuntimeException(context.toString() + " must implement OnFragmentInteractionListener"); } } @Override public void onDetach() { super.onDetach(); mainActivity = null; } }
6 繼承BaseFragment
public class NoParamNoResultFragment extends BaseFragment { private Handler mHandler; public NoParamNoResultFragment(Handler handler) { // Required empty public constructor this.mHandler = handler; } @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); if (getArguments() != null) { } } @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { // Inflate the layout for this fragment View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_no_param_no_result, container, false); view.findViewById(R.id.txt_handle).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Message message = mHandler.obtainMessage(); message.what = 0x123; message.obj = "handle 通信"; mHandler.sendMessage(message); } }); view.findViewById(R.id.txt_noALl).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { mFunctionManager.invokeNoAll(MainActivity.FunctionNoParamNoResult); } }); view.findViewById(R.id.txt_result).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // mFunctionManager.invokeNoAll(MainActivity.FunctionNoParamNoResult); String result = mFunctionManager.invokeWithResultOnly(MainActivity.FunctionWithResultOnly,String.class); Toast.makeText(getActivity(), result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); view.findViewById(R.id.txt_param).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { mFunctionManager.invokeWithParamOnly(MainActivity.FunctionWithParamOnly,"有參無返回值"); } }); view.findViewById(R.id.txt_withAll).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { String result = mFunctionManager.invokeWithAll(MainActivity.FunctionWithParamWithResult,String.class,"有參有返回值"); Toast.makeText(getActivity(), result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); return view; } }
說明,上述在點擊控件的時候,會觸發在Activity添加的方法,這樣就可以實現Activity與Fragment實時通信,近而實現Fragment之間的通信
https://gitee.com/lzbgit/AppInterface
架構師成長之路-基於android fragment通信的面向對象的萬能接口