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keepalived+mysql實現高可用

algo prior 優先級 mysqld www. cte enc 方案 .cn

為了響應公司需求,打造出更安全的mysql集群,能夠實現mysql故障後切換,研究了幾天終於有了成果,一起分享一下。
首先介紹一下這套集群方案實現的功能
1、mysql服務器故障後自動轉移,修好後自動切回
2、mysql服務故障自動轉移,修好後自動切回
3、可以實現在幾秒鐘內轉移
以下內容均是實驗環境,請根據實際情況修改響應參數
生產環境MySQL主主同步主鍵沖突處理?http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/86890.htm
MySQL + KeepAlived + LVS 單點寫入主主同步高可用架構實驗?http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-05/84002.htm
MySQL 主主同步配置?http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-05/83815.htm
CentOS?6.3下MySQL主從復制筆記?http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85983.htm
Linux下的MySQL主主復制?http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-10/91683.htm
實驗環境:
mysql1 ip:10.1.1.20
mysql2? ip:10.1.1.21
mysql vip:10.1.1.25
三臺機器均安裝centos 6.5 32位(虛擬機環境)
實驗開始!!!
一、安裝mysql,並打造主主同步。
相信主從同步大家都會做,一樣的道理,主主同步就是兩臺機器互為主的關系,在任何一臺機器上寫入都會同步。
安裝mysql的過程不解釋,yum就好啦
配置主主同步
1.配置 /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql

Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0
log-bin=binlog? #開啟binlog功能
log-bin-index=binlog.index
sync_binlog=0
server_id = 1? ? #兩臺機器不能重復,一個1 一個2 就好
?
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

2.分別在兩臺機器上配置同步賬號
10.1.1.20機器上:
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.77-log Sourcedistribution
?
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ toclear the buffer.
?
mysql> GRANT replication slave ON . TO‘ab‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
?
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
10.1.1.21機器上:
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.77-log Sourcedistribution
?
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ toclear the buffer.
?
mysql> GRANT replication slave ON . TO‘ab‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
?
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

註:由於本文是實驗環境下編寫,所以沒考慮任何安全性問題,同步賬號也是最高權限,請根據實際情況設置響應權限!!
3.設置同步
10.1.1.20機器上:
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 365 | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
10.1.1.21機器上:
mysql> change master tomaster_host=‘10.1.1.20‘, master_port=3306, master_user=‘ab‘,master_password=‘123‘, master_log_file=‘binlog.000003‘,master_log_pos=365;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G? #執行這命令後 註意觀察下面這兩個參數,必須要都是yes才行
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
同樣的 反過來做相同操作
10.1.1.21機器上:
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000004 | 207 | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
10.1.1.20機器上:
?
mysql> change master tomaster_host=‘10.1.1.21‘, master_port=3306, master_user=‘ab‘,master_password=‘123‘, master_log_file=‘binlog.000004‘,master_log_pos=207;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G? #執行這命令後 註意觀察下面這兩個參數,必須要都是yes才行
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
介此,主主同步打造完成,可以簡單測試一下,分別在兩個機器上寫數據 看看會不會同步到另一臺機器上
PS:如果報錯? Slave_IO_Running: NO? 可以檢查同步的賬號是否創建正常!
二、安裝keepalived 並設置監控
keepalived是安裝在兩臺MySQL服務器上的
首先安裝keepalived 過程不解釋就正常解壓安裝就好
安裝後配置 vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 內容如下
10.1.1.20的配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
? notification_email {
? ? [email protected]
? ? [email protected]
? ? [email protected]
? }
? notification_email_from [email protected]
? smtp_server 127.0.0.1
? smtp_connect_timeout 30
? router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
?
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
? state backup? ? ? #兩臺配置此處均是BACKUP
? interface eth0
? virtual_router_id 51
? priority 100? ? ? #優先級,另一臺改為90?
? advert_int 1
? nopreempt? ? ? ? ? #不搶占,只在優先級高的機器上設置即可,優先級低的機器不設置
? authentication {
? ? ? auth_type PASS
? ? ? auth_pass 1111
? }
? virtual_ipaddress {
? ? ? 10.1.1.25
? }
}
?
virtual_server 10.1.1.25 3306 {
? delay_loop 6
? lb_algo wrr
? lb_kind DR
? persistence_timeout 50? ? ? ? #會話保持時間?
? protocol TCP
?
real_server 10.1.1.20 3306 {
? ? ? weight 3
? ? ? notify_down /tmp/nimei.sh? ? #檢測到mysql服務掛了就執行這個腳本(腳本要自己寫哈)
? ? ? TCP_CHECK {
? ? ? connect_timeout 10? ? ? ? #連接超時時間
? ? ? nb_get_retry 3? ? ? ? ? ? #重連次數?
? ? ? delay_before_retry 3? ? ? #重連間隔時間
? ? ? connect_port 3306? ? ? ? #健康檢查端口?
? ? ? ? }
? ? ? }
}

10.1.1.21 的配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
? notification_email {
? ? [email protected]
? ? [email protected]
? ? [email protected]
? }
? notification_email_from [email protected]
? smtp_server 127.0.0.1
? smtp_connect_timeout 30
? router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
?
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
? state backup
? interface eth0
? virtual_router_id 51
? priority 90
? advert_int 1
? authentication {
? ? ? auth_type PASS
? ? ? auth_pass 1111
? }
? virtual_ipaddress {
? ? ? 10.1.1.25
? }
}
?
virtual_server 10.1.1.25 3306 {
? delay_loop 6
? lb_algo wrr
? lb_kind DR
? persistence_timeout 50
? protocol TCP
?
real_server 10.1.1.21 3306 {
? ? ? weight 3
? ? ? notify_down /tmp/nimei.sh
? ? ? TCP_CHECK {
? ? ? connect_timeout 10
? ? ? nb_get_retry 3
? ? ? delay_before_retry 3
? ? ? connect_port 3306
? ? ? ? ? }
? ? ? }
}?
編寫監控mysql服務是否掛了的腳本,按照上面配置文件的位置編寫腳本。
vim /tmp/nimei.sh
#!/bin/sh?
pkill keepalived
腳本很簡單啊 就一句,目的是當keepalived檢測到mysql服務掛了之後觸發這個腳本,殺死keepalived進程,讓另一臺機器接管
好 修改後啟動keeplived服務
介此整個集群搭建完成
三、測試
找一臺機器用虛擬ip連接mysql
[root@localhost html]# mysql -uab? -h 10.1.1.25 -p123
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.? Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 736
Server version: 5.1.66-log Source distribution
?
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,?Oracle?and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
?
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

keepalived+mysql實現高可用