Linux中安裝Python2.7
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-07-05
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原文地址：http://www.jianshu.com/p/6425d18d3e47
安裝依賴的庫yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel
下載python 2.7.13
www.python.org
1 [root@server2 ~]# mkdir /software 2 [root@server2 ~]# cd /software/ 3 [root@server2 software]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz4 [root@server2 software]# ll 5 總用量 36852 6 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17076672 12月 18 04:21 Python-2.7.13.tgz 7 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20656090 1月 17 16:07 Python-3.5.3.tgz
解壓文件
[root@server2 software]# tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz
進入目錄
[root@server2 software]# cd Python-2.7.13
編譯安裝
1 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-shared 2 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# make && make altinstall
備份舊python相關命令
1 ===> 有些版本/usr/bin/目錄下不存在pip 忽略下面第一行命令即可 2 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old 3 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old4 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old
新版本python命令做軟連接，快捷使用
1 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib 2 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib 3 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python 4 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64 5 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64
測試python是否可以正常使用
1 [root@server2 ~]# python 2 Python 2.7.13 (default, Apr 11 2017, 11:14:36) 3 [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux2 4 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 5 >>>
安裝pip
下載最新版的pip，然後安裝
1 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# cd /software/ 2 [root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate 3 [root@server2 software]# python get-pip.py
由於下載pip是基於https協議的，故需要在wget url後面加上--no-check-certificate，否則不能下載:
查找pip的位置
1 [root@server2 software]# find / -name pip 2 /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip
找到pip2.7的路徑，為其創建軟鏈作為系統默認的啟動版本
[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip
測試pip是否可用
1 [root@server2 software]# pip install Pillow 2 Collecting Pillow 3 Downloading Pillow-4.1.0-cp27-cp27m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.7MB) 4 100% |████████████████████████████████| 5.7MB 129kB/s 5 Collecting olefile (from Pillow) 6 Downloading olefile-0.44.zip (74kB) 7 100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 541kB/s 8 Building wheels for collected packages: olefile 9 Running setup.py bdist_wheel for olefile ... done 10 Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/20/58/49/cc7bd00345397059149a10b0259ef38b867935ea2ecff99a9b 11 Successfully built olefile 12 Installing collected packages: olefile, Pillow 13 Successfully installed Pillow-4.1.0 olefile-0.44
安裝easy_install
下載最新版的easy_install，然後安裝
1 [root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py 2 [root@server2 software]# python ez_setup.py
找到easy_install的路徑，為其創建軟鏈作為系統默認的啟動版本
[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install
測試easy_install是否可用
1 [root@server2 software]# easy_install beautifulsoup4 2 Searching for beautifulsoup4 3 Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/beautifulsoup4/ 4 Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/9b/a5/c6fa2d08e6c671103f9508816588e0fb9cec40444e8e72993f3d4c325936/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3.tar.gz#md5=937e0df0d699a1237646f38fd567f0c6 5 Best match: beautifulsoup4 4.5.3 6 Processing beautifulsoup4-4.5.3.tar.gz 7 Writing /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/setup.cfg 8 Running beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/egg-dist-tmp-m3PXo5 9 zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents... 10 Moving beautifulsoup4-4.5.3-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages 11 Adding beautifulsoup4 4.5.3 to easy-install.pth file 12 13 Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3-py2.7.egg 14 Processing dependencies for beautifulsoup4 15 Finished processing dependencies for beautifulsoup4
yum 安裝工具只支持系統自帶的python版本， 修改配置文件使其可正常使用
查看原版本python
1 [root@server2 software]# ll /usr/bin/python* 2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 4月 11 11:20 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 3 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 2月 15 14:33 /usr/bin/python2 -> python 4 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月 18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6 ==> 這個就是系統自帶的python 5 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 8月 18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6-config 6 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 4月 11 10:47 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2.6-config 7 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月 18 2016 /usr/bin/python_old
修改配置文件 /usr/bin/yum
#!/usr/bin/python ===> 修改為 #!/usr/bin/python2.6
測試yum是否可用
1 [root@server2 software]# yum -y install python-devel 2 已加載插件：fastestmirror, security 3 設置安裝進程 4 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 5 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com 6 包 python-devel-2.6.6-66.el6_8.x86_64 已安裝並且是最新版本 7 無須任何處理
好了，大功告成。
優化
編寫一鍵安裝python2.7的腳本
由於Centos 6.x的系統默認都是python2.6 ，如果服務器需要用2.7環境的話每臺都得手動操作升級，工作量比較大， 編寫腳本提升效率。（Centos 7.x版本的默認的python都是2.7.5版本）
創建用於存放python腳本（install_py27.sh）的目錄
1 [root@server2 software]# mkdir /script/python/ 2 [root@server2 software]# cd /script/python/
由於國外python網站下載python安裝包緩慢，可以提前下載下來，和install_py27.sh放在一起，在腳本中直接解壓本地文件進行安裝
開始編寫腳本 install_py27.sh
1 #!/bin/sh 2 # __author__ = ‘junxi‘ 3 4 # This script is used by fast installed python2.7 ...... 5 # write by 2017/04/11 6 7 echo "##############start run install for python2.7 script############" 8 yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel 9 mkdir /software 10 mv Python-2.7.13.tgz /software 11 cd /software 12 tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz 13 cd Python-2.7.13/ 14 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-shared 15 make 16 make altinstall 17 mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old 18 mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old 19 mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old 20 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib 21 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib 22 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python 23 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64 24 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64 25 cd /software 26 wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py 27 python get-pip.py 28 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip 29 echo "############更換pip源為國內淘寶源##########" 30 mkdir /root/.pip/ 31 touch /root/.pip/pip.conf 32 cat >> /root/.pip/pip.conf << EOF 33 [global] 34 index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 35 36 [install] 37 trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com 38 EOF 39 40 pip install Pillow 41 sed -i ‘s#\/usr/bin/python#\/usr/bin/python2.6#g‘ /usr/bin/yum 42 yum -y install python-devel 43 echo ‘the install script is the end......‘
把Python-2.7.13.tgz文件和install_py27.sh腳本下載下來，放在同一個目錄下：
運行下面命令進行安裝
/bin/sh install_py27.sh
安裝完成後執行python查看版本
1 [root@server2 ~]# python 2 Python 2.7.13 (default, Apr 11 2017, 11:14:36) 3 [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux2 4 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 5 >>> print ‘success‘
6 success
Linux中安裝Python2.7