目錄管理與文件
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-07-05
解釋 除了 單純 join 文件的 路徑 onerror elpa 函數 1.探索整個目錄樹
kv:增刪改查
目錄樹==文件夾
文件目錄位置==一串字符串
文件的絕對目錄與相對目錄
kv:增刪改查
目錄樹==文件夾
文件目錄位置==一串字符串
文件的絕對目錄與相對目錄
幾個系統命令：
%cd 文件目錄位置
%pwd
目錄樹=文件夾
import os # 針對系統的模塊，比如對目錄樹的操作
test_path = r‘C:\study\jupyter‘os.listdir(test_path) #listdir顯示目錄列表[‘.ipynb_checkpoints‘, ‘21點.ipynb‘, ‘51beiwanglu-zuoye.ipynb‘, ‘51memo.1.py‘, ‘51備忘錄v0.24.ipynb‘, ‘color_me.py‘, ‘guess21.py‘, ‘python01-test.ipynb‘, ‘python02-basic-num-str.ipynb‘, ‘python02-basic-num-str2.ipynb‘, ‘True False 返回值.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled1.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled10.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled2.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled3.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled4.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled5.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled6.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled7.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled8.ipynb‘, ‘Untitled9.ipynb‘, ‘zhaofangtao.ipynb‘, ‘zuoye1.ipynb‘, ‘__pycache__‘, ‘作用域.ipynb‘, ‘函數的來龍去脈.ipynb‘, ‘單位轉換器.ipynb‘, ‘控制程序的每一個角落.ipynb‘, ‘翻譯小程序.ipynb‘, ‘解釋函數.ipynb‘]
os.getcwd() #獲取當前的工作目錄‘C:\\study\\jupyter‘os.chdir(‘C:\study\python‘) # 更改目錄os.chdir()os.getcwd() # 顯示當前的工作目錄current work dir‘C:\\study\\python‘os.mkdir(‘coop‘) # os.mkdir()創建新目錄os.listdir()[‘coop‘]路徑就是一條字符串
左右斜線
os.path.join()
os.path.exits()
os.path.isdir()
os.path.join(‘c‘, ‘d‘) #拼接路徑的方法
‘c\\d‘os.path.exists(‘C:\study\python‘)Trueos.path.exists(r‘C:\study\python‘) # 目錄路徑是否存在True相對路徑和絕對路徑
一個點：當前工作目錄，特殊名稱，不是真的文件夾
兩個點：父級目錄
os.path.abspath(‘.‘)
os.path.isabs()
os.path.relpath()
os.path.abspath(‘.‘) # 當前路徑的絕對路徑‘C:\\study\\python‘os.path.isabs(‘C:\\study\\python‘)Trueos.path.relpath(‘C:\\study\\python‘, ‘c:\\study‘)
‘python‘os.path.relpath(‘c:\\study‘, ‘C:\\study\\python‘)‘..‘命令管理
路徑各級名稱
path.split(os.path.sep)
os.path.basename()
os.path.dirname()
刪除文件操作：謹慎操作
os.unlink
shutil.rmtree(path)
移動/復制
copy
copytree
move
os.getcwd()‘C:\\study\\python‘path1 = r‘C:\\study\\python‘
path2 = r‘C:\study\python‘os.path.sep‘\\‘path1.split(os.path.sep)[‘C:‘, ‘‘, ‘study‘, ‘‘, ‘python‘]path2.split(os.path.sep)[‘C:‘, ‘study‘, ‘python‘]os.path.split(path1)(‘C:\\\\study‘, ‘python‘)os.path.split(path2) # 貪婪匹配(‘C:\\study‘, ‘python‘)os.path.splitext(path1)(‘C:\\\\study\\\\python‘, ‘‘)os.path.splitext(path2)(‘C:\\study\\python‘, ‘‘)os.getcwd()‘C:\\study\\python‘path3 = r‘C:\study\python\test1.xlsx‘os.path.splitext(path3) # 將文件名的後綴給隔離開了(‘C:\\study\\python\\test1‘, ‘.xlsx‘)os.path.split(path3) # os.path.spit(path3)沒能將文件後綴給隔離(‘C:\\study\\python‘, ‘test1.xlsx‘)########################os.path.basename(path1) # print目錄最後的文件夾或者文件名‘python‘os.path.basename(path3) # print目錄最後的文件夾或者文件名‘test1.xlsx‘os.path.dirname(path2) # print目錄樹排除最後文件後的目錄，排除了目錄python‘C:\\study‘os.path.dirname(path3) # 排除了文件夾 test1.xlsx‘C:\\study\\python‘############################os.getcwd()‘C:\\study\\python‘os.listdir()[‘coop‘, ‘test1.txt‘, ‘test1.xlsx‘]os.unlink(‘test1.xlsx‘) # 刪除文件#######################################import shutil # shutil 針對目錄的模塊
shutil.rmtree(‘coop‘) # 刪除目錄os.listdir()[‘test1.txt‘]os.getcwd()‘C:\\study\\python‘shutil.copytree(‘../jupyter/test2/‘, ‘../python/test3‘) # 復制並改名‘../python/test3‘shutil.copytree(‘../jupyter/test1/‘,‘test1‘) # 單純的復制‘test1‘shutil.copy(‘./test1.txt‘, ‘./test2.txt‘) # 針對文件‘./test2.txt‘os.listdir()[‘test1‘, ‘test1.txt‘, ‘test2.txt‘, ‘test3‘]shutil.copy(‘./test1/‘,‘./test4/‘)---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PermissionError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-72-3d91307f948a> in <module>()
----> 1 shutil.copy(‘./test1/‘,‘./test4/‘)
c:\users\coop\miniconda3\envs\coop\lib\shutil.py in copy(src, dst, follow_symlinks)
239 if os.path.isdir(dst):
240 dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
--> 241 copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
242 copymode(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
243 return dst
c:\users\coop\miniconda3\envs\coop\lib\shutil.py in copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks)
118 os.symlink(os.readlink(src), dst)
119 else:
--> 120 with open(src, ‘rb‘) as fsrc:
121 with open(dst, ‘wb‘) as fdst:
122 copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: ‘./test1/‘shutil.move(‘../jupyter/21點.ipynb‘, ‘./‘) # move 移動‘./21點.ipynb‘os.listdir()[‘21點.ipynb‘, ‘test1‘, ‘test1.txt‘, ‘test2.txt‘, ‘test3‘]目錄管理與文件