import os 
%pwd

‘C:\\study\\jupyter‘

f = open(‘coop.txt‘, ‘w‘)  # 用w的方式打開文件，不存在則創建
f.write(‘coop‘ * 7)  # 向文件寫入字符串
f.close()

with open(‘coop-1.txt‘, ‘w‘) as f:
    f.write(‘coop‘ * 7)
 

with open(‘coop.txt‘) as f: # 文件名後面的r是默認模式
    data = f.read()# 讀出所有內容，保存到一個變量
    print(data)

coopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoop

# 在打開文件時要考慮此文件是否存在，使用try except

with open(‘coop.txt‘, ‘a‘) as f:
    f.write(‘coop1\n‘)
    f.write(‘coop2\n‘)
    f.write(‘\n111‘)
    f.write(‘\n222‘)

with open(‘coop.txt‘) as f:  
    print(f.readline())  # 每次讀一行
    print(f.readline())
    print(f.readline())
    print(f.readline())
 

coopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoop

coop

coop1

coop2

with open(‘coop.txt‘) as f:  # 當文件不是很大時用readlines
    print(f.readlines())   # 如何去掉\n

[‘coopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoop\n‘, ‘coop\n‘, ‘coop1\n‘, ‘coop2\n‘, ‘\n‘, ‘111\n‘, ‘222‘]

with open(‘coop.txt‘) as f:  
    print(f.tell())  # tell()告訴我們光標現在的位置(列的位置)
    print(f.readline())  # 每次讀一行
    print(f.tell())
    print(f.readline())
    print(f.tell())
    print(f.seek(0))  # seek（0）讓光標返回到初始0的位置
    print(f.readline())
    print(f.readline())
    f.seek(5)

    print(f.readline())
    print(f.tell())
 

0
coopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoop

34
coop

40
0
coopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoop

coop

oopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoop

34

f = open(‘coop.txt‘, ‘a‘)
f.write(‘append\n‘)
# print(f.readlines())

7

with open(‘coop.txt‘,) as f:
    data = f.read()
    print(data)

coopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoopcoop
coop
coop1
coop2

111
222appendappendappendappendappendappendappend
append
append
append
append
append

##############

# 匹配相應後綴名的文件
import fnmatch
for f in os.listdir(‘.‘):
    if fnmatch.fnmatch(f, ‘*.txt‘):
        print(f)
    elif fnmatch.fnmatch(f, ‘*.pdf)‘):
        print(‘find pdf‘, f)

coop-1.txt
coop.txt

# 匹配相應後綴名的文件
import fnmatch
for f in os.listdir(‘.‘):
    if fnmatch.fnmatch(f, ‘?+.txt‘):  # 正則？，一個字符
        print(f)
    elif fnmatch.fnmatch(f, ‘?.pdf)‘):
        print(‘find pdf‘, f)

#################

import fnmatch
for f in os.listdir(‘.‘):
    if fnmatch.fnmatch(f, ‘\w+.txt‘):  # 正則？，一個字符
        print(f)
    elif fnmatch.fnmatch(f, ‘?.pdf)‘):
        print(‘find pdf‘, f)

# 單純匹配某種命名規則的文件
import glob
for f in glob.glob(‘[0-9].txt‘):
    print(f)

0.txt
1.txt

import glob
for f in glob.glob(‘[0-9]+.txt‘):  # 不可以加+號，已匹配更多字符
    print(f)

############################

# 序列化 picle ，持久化， 存盤
# 後綴名隨意，推薦使用pkl
# 存儲python的數據結構
name_list = [‘coop‘, ‘fang‘, ‘beijing‘]
data = {‘name‘:name_list, ‘age‘:(2,3,4)}

import pickle
with open(‘data.pkl‘, ‘wb‘) as f: # 使用wb，通用二進制存儲
    pickle.dump(data, f)

with open(‘data.pkl‘, ‘rb‘) as f:
    data = pickle.load(f)
    print(data)

{‘name‘: [‘coop‘, ‘fang‘, ‘beijing‘], ‘age‘: (2, 3, 4)}

############################

# 虛擬文件，臨時文件，不需要真的存到磁盤
import io
output = io.StringIO()
output.write(‘the first code\n‘)
print(‘ddd‘, file=output)

# 去除內容
contents = output.getvalue()
print(contents)

#關閉文件，清理緩存
output.close()   # 打印順序為什麽是那個樣子

the first code
ddd

# 用類似字典的方式存儲任意的python對象  pickle存儲的是數據結構
import shelve
with shelve.open(‘coop.she‘) as so:
    so[‘coop‘] = ‘fang‘  # 生成三個文件

with shelve.open(‘coop.she‘) as so:
    print(so[‘coop‘])

fang

處理任意格式的文本文件