• 一、虛擬主機概念

　　所謂虛擬主機，在Web服務當中就是一個獨立的網站站點，這個站點對應獨立的域名（也有可能是IP或者端口），具有獨立的程序和資源目錄，可以獨立地對外提供服務供用戶訪問。

　　這個獨立的站點在配置裏是由一定格式的標簽進行標記，和apache相對比，apache的虛擬主機的標簽段通常是以<VirtualHost></VirtualHost>進行標註的，而Nginx則是以Server{}標簽段來標示一個虛擬主機。一個Web服務中支持多個虛擬主機站點。

• 二、虛擬主機類型

和apache一樣，虛擬主機主要有3種：

（1）基於域名的虛擬主機

（2）基於端口的虛擬主機

（3）基於IP的虛擬主機

• 三、三種虛擬主機類型配置演練

（1）基於域名域名的虛擬主機配置

（1）修改主配置文件nginx.conf，加載虛擬主機配置
[root@localhost conf]# grep -Ev "^$|#" nginx.conf
user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  
 
‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
                      ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
                      ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*
 
.conf;　　#包含虛擬主機配置
}

（2）創建虛擬主機配置文件，並增加虛擬主機
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir vhosts && cd vhosts/
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim www.abc.org.conf
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.abc.org;
        root /vhosts/html/www;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
[root@localhost vhosts]# cp www.abc.org.conf bbs.abc.org.conf
[root@localhost vhosts]# cp www.abc.org.conf blog.abc.org.conf
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim bbs.abc.org.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name bbs.abc.org;
        root /vhosts/html/bbs;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim blog.abc.org.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name blog.abc.org;
        root /vhosts/html/blog;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
}

（3）創建虛擬主機主頁
[root@localhost vhosts]# mkdir /vhosts/html/{www,bbs,blog}
[root@localhost vhosts]# echo "welcome to www.abc.org" >> /vhosts/html/www/index.html
[root@localhost vhosts]# echo "welcome to bbs.abc.org" >> /vhosts/html/bbs/index.html
[root@localhost vhosts]# echo "welcome to blog.abc.org" >> /vhosts/html/blog/index.html

（4）檢查語法，重載nginx
[root@localhost vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

windows下做hosts解析

192.168.56.11 www.abc.org bbs.abc.org blog.abc.org 分別訪問

（2）基於端口的虛擬主機配置

（1）修改bbs和blog站點監聽端口
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim bbs.abc.org.conf 
listen 8081;
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim blog.abc.org.conf 
listen 8082
[root@localhost vhosts]# export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/:$PATH

（2）檢查語法，重載nginx
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -s reload

（3）測試訪問頁面
[root@localhost ~]# curl www.abc.org
welcome to www.abc.org
[root@localhost ~]# curl bbs.abc.org:8081
welcome to bbs.abc.org
[root@localhost ~]# curl blog.abc.org:8082
welcome to blog.abc.org

以上端口可以隨意更改，但是不能和已有服務沖突，原則上應該是大於1024小於65535的任意端口

（3）基於IP的虛擬主機配置

（1）增加虛擬網卡eth0:0和eth0:1
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.56.110/24 up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.56.111/24 up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:0
eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.110  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        ether 00:0c:29:ce:31:fd  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:1
eth0:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.111  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        ether 00:0c:29:ce:31:fd  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

（2）修改虛擬主機配置server_name為ip訪問
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim bbs.abc.org.conf 
listen 8081;
server_name 192.168.56.110;
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim blog.abc.org.conf 
listen 8082;
server_name 192.168.56.111;

（3）檢測語法，重載nginx，測試訪問
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -s reload
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.56.110:8081/
welcome to bbs.abc.org
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.56.111:8082/
welcome to blog.abc.org

Nginx入門篇（三）之虛擬主機配置