Getway網關管理ZUUL
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-07-21
port 不用 org 但是 orien output work 配置路由 tid
1.ZUUL微服務網關
微服務架構體系中，通常一個業務系統會有很多的微服務，比如：OrderService、ProductService、UserService...，為了讓調用更簡單，一般會在這些服務前端再封裝一層，類似下面這樣：
這樣做，當然能跑起來，但是維護量大，以後各個微服務增加了新方法，都需要在網關層手動增加相應的方法封裝，而spring cloud 中的zuul很好的解決了這一問題，示意圖如下：
Zuul做為網關層，自身也是一個微服務，跟其它服務Service-1，Service-2, ... Service-N一樣，都註冊在eureka server上，可以相互發現，zuul能感知到哪些服務在線，同時通過配置路由規則（後面會給出示例），可以將請求自動轉發到指定的後端微服務上，對於一些公用的預處理（比如：權限認證，token合法性校驗，灰度驗證時部分流量引導之類）,可以放在所謂的過濾器(ZuulFilter)裏處理，這樣後端服務以後新增了服務，zuul層幾乎不用修改。
2.代碼實現:
代碼的機構圖如下:
pom.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com</groupId> <artifactId>stu-zuul</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>stu-zuul</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-eureka --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
啟動類:
StuZuulApplication:
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy; //啟動類加上註解@EnableZuulProxy //它默認加上了@EnableCircuitBreaker和@EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication @EnableZuulProxy public class StuZuulApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(StuZuulApplication.class, args); } }
熔斷器:
這個地方我用的springboot版本比較高,網上大部分是之前的版本的熔斷器的配置,如果產生沖突可以看下是否有哦依賴版本沖突的問題:
MyFallbackProvider
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import com.netflix.hystrix.exception.HystrixTimeoutException;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class MyFallbackProvider implements FallbackProvider {
@Override
public String getRoute() {
// 表明是為哪個微服務提供回退，*表示為所有微服務提供回退
return "*";
}
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
return null;
}
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(Throwable cause) {
if (cause instanceof HystrixTimeoutException) {
return response(HttpStatus.GATEWAY_TIMEOUT);
} else {
return this.fallbackResponse();
}
}
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
return this.response(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
private ClientHttpResponse response(final HttpStatus status) {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
return status;
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
return status.value();
}
@Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
return status.getReasonPhrase();
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
return new ByteArrayInputStream("服務不可用，請稍後再試。".getBytes());
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
// headers設定
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
MediaType mt = new MediaType("application", "json", Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
headers.setContentType(mt);
return headers;
}
};
}
}bootstrap.yml:
server:
port: 8040
spring:
application:
name: stu-zuul
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
hostname: localhost
ip-address: localhost
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds: 60000
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule #配置規則 輪詢
ConnectTimeout: 3000
ReadTimeout: 60000
zuul:
routes:
api-a:
path: /api-provider/**
service-id: stu-provide
sensitive-headers:
api-b:
path: /api-consumer/**
service-id: stu-consumer,stu-consumer-feign-hytrix上面已經講到註解了@EnableZuulProxy後,它默認加上了@EnableCircuitBreaker和@EnableDiscoveryClient,
另外他是整合了ribbon的,不需要加額外的註解,但是可以配置相關的負載均衡的規則,下面的配置需要額外註意:
zuul:
routes:
#配置服務提供者的前綴,替代服務註冊名,訪問的時候就為http://localhost:8040/api-provider/**
api-a:
path: /api-provider/**
service-id: stu-provide
sensitive-headers:
#配置消費者的前綴,替代服務註冊名,訪問的時候就為http://localhost:8040/api-consumer/**
api-b:
path: /api-consumer/**
service-id: stu-consumer,stu-consumer-feign-hytrix啟動後進行訪問,會得到相關提供者的信息.
附上代碼地址:https://github.com/fengcharly/springCloud-ribbon-turbine.git
Getway網關管理ZUUL