在讀文件的時候往往需要遍歷文件夾，python的os.path包含了很多文件、文件夾操作的方法。下面列出：

def analyze_path(path):
    print("abspath:", os.path.abspath(path))
    print("basename:", os.path.basename(path))
    print("dirname:", os.path.dirname(path))
    print("exists:", os.path.exists(path))
    print("atime:", os.path.getatime(path))
    print("normcase:", os.path.normcase(path))
    print("normpath:", os.path.normpath(path))
    print("realpath:", os.path.realpath(path))
    print("join:", os.path.join("F:\\test\\", os.path.basename(path)))
    print("splitdrive:", os.path.splitdrive(path))
    print("splitunc:", os.path.splitunc(path))

def main():
    path = "E:\\Users\\Administrator\\eclipse-workspace\\com.leagsoft\\test\\example.csv"
    analyze_path(path)
    

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

輸出：

abspath: E:\Users\Administrator\eclipse-workspace\com.leagsoft\test\example.csv
basename: example.csv
dirname: E:\Users\Administrator\eclipse-workspace\com.leagsoft\test
exists: True
atime: 1537200000.0
normcase: e:\users\administrator\eclipse-workspace\com.leagsoft\test\example.csv
normpath: E:\Users\Administrator\eclipse-workspace\com.leagsoft\test\example.csv
realpath: E:\Users\Administrator\eclipse-workspace\com.leagsoft\test\example.csv
join: F:\test\example.csv
splitdrive: (‘E:‘, ‘\\Users\\Administrator\\eclipse-workspace\\com.leagsoft\\test\\example.csv‘)
splitunc: (‘‘, ‘E:\\Users\\Administrator\\eclipse-workspace\\com.leagsoft\\test\\example.csv‘)

遍歷文件和目錄：

 rootdir = ‘F:\data‘
 list = os.listdir(rootdir) #列出文件夾下所有的目錄與文件
 for i in range(0,len(list)):
        path = os.path.join(rootdir,list[i])
        if os.path.isfile(path):
               #你想對文件的操作

Reference:

[1] http://www.cnblogs.com/WonderHow/p/4403727.html

Python 讀取目錄、文件