difflib模塊作為python的標準庫模塊，無需安裝，作用是比對文本之間的差異，且支持輸出可讀性比較強的html格式。


#!coding=utf-8
# 2018-9-19
import sys
import difflib


# 讀取配置文件函數
def read_file(file_name):
    try:
        file_handle = open(file_name, ‘r‘)
        text = file_handle.read().splitlines()  # 讀取後以行進行分割
        file_handle.close()
        return text
    except IOError as error:
        print ‘Read file Error: {0}‘.format(error)
        sys.exit()


# 比較兩個文件並輸出html格式的結果
def compare_file(file1_name, file2_name):
    if file1_name == "" or file2_name == "":
        print ‘文件路徑不能為空：file1_name的路徑為：{0}, file2_name的路徑為：{1} .‘.format(file1_name, file2_name)
        sys.exit()
    text1_lines = read_file(file1_name)
    text2_lines = read_file(file2_name)
    diff = difflib.HtmlDiff()  # 創建htmldiff 對象
    result = diff.make_file(text1_lines, text2_lines)  # 通過make_file 方法輸出 html 格式的對比結果
    #  將結果保存到result.html文件中並打開
    try:
        with open(‘result.html‘, ‘w‘) as result_file:      #同 f = open(‘result.html‘, ‘w‘) 打開或創建一個result.html文件
            result_file.write(result)                      #同 f.write(result)
    except IOError as error:
        print ‘寫入html文件錯誤：{0}‘.format(error)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    compare_file(r‘D:\a.txt‘, r‘D:\b.txt‘)                   #傳入兩文件的路徑

 

對比結果如下

Python對比兩個txt文件內容