taf all mes 賦權 rtu view account one serial

Oracle數據庫常用的Sql語句整理

查看當前用戶的缺省表空間 ： select username,default_tablespace from user_users; 2、查看用戶下所有的表 ： select * from user_tables; 3、創建表空間 ：CREATE TABLESPACE invocie DATAFILE ‘/data/InvoiceData/invoicebak/invocie_01.dbf‘ Size 4096M AUTOEXTEND OFF；

CREATE TABLESPACE "MIS_DATA" DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_data01.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000,
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_data02.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000,
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_data03.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000,
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_data04.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000
LOGGING ONLINE PERMANENT BLOCKSIZE 8192
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO；

REATE TABLESPACE "MIS_IDX" DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_idx01.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000,
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_idx02.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000
LOGGING ONLINE PERMANENT BLOCKSIZE 8192
extent management local autoallocate segment space management auto

CREATE TABLESPACE "USER_DATA" DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_data01.dbf‘ SIZE 15728640000,
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_data02.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000
LOGGING ONLINE PERMANENT BLOCKSIZE 8192
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_data01.dbf‘ RESIZE 31457280000
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_data02.dbf‘ resize 31457280000

CREATE TABLESPACE "USER_IDX" DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_idx01.dbf‘ SIZE 10485760000
LOGGING ONLINE PERMANENT BLOCKSIZE 8192
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_idx01.dbf‘ resize 26214400000

4、創建用戶並賦權限 ： CREATE USER invocie_dev identified by invocie_dev default tablespace invocie; grant connect, resource to invocie_dev;

CREATE USER "S6MISM" identified by “S6MISM”
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "MIS_DATA"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"

CREATE USER "YYII_S6MISM" identified by “YYII_S6MISM”

DEFAULT TABLESPACE "MIS_DATA"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"

CREATE USER "TEAMB0" identified by “TEAMB0”
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USER_DATA"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"

5、解鎖用戶：alter user scott account unlock; SELECT * FROM dba_users WHERE username = ‘SCOTT‘;
ALTER USER SCOTT account LOCK; --鎖定用戶
ALTER USER SCOTT account UNLOCK; --解鎖用戶
COMMIT; 6．重設用戶密碼：scott/tiger為默認用戶，alter user scott identified by tiger; SELECT password FROM dba_users WHERE username = ‘SCOTT‘;
alter user SCOTT identified by new_password; --修改用戶密碼 7、創建表：create table t1(c1 type 約束,c2 type 約束（not null,unique,check,primary key））;

CREATE TABLE "S6MISM"."CUSTOM"
( "FACT_NO" CHAR(4) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"CUSTOM_NO" VARCHAR2(15) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"HKCUSTOM_NO" CHAR(6),
"AREA_CODE" VARCHAR2(5),
"CUSTOM_NAME" VARCHAR2(32) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"TRAN_COUNTRY" VARCHAR2(30),
"DIST_COUNTRY" VARCHAR2(30),
"SIZEMARK_DESC" VARCHAR2(10),
"CHINA_RM" CHAR(1),
"SHIP_TO_ADDR" VARCHAR2(270),
"MARK_NO" CHAR(3),
"BRAND_NO" CHAR(2),
"SPEC_PACKAGE" CHAR(1),
"SIZEMARK1_DESC" VARCHAR2(20),
"AGENT_NAME" VARCHAR2(22),
"APACK_MK" CHAR(1),
"CUNT_CODE" CHAR(3),
"PRINT_MK" CHAR(1) DEFAULT (‘Y‘) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"CUSTOM_CODE" CHAR(12),
"MODIFY_USER" VARCHAR2(60),
"MODIFY_DT" CHAR(14),
"CONSIGNEE" VARCHAR2(400),
"NOTIFY" VARCHAR2(200),
"DIV_CODE" CHAR(4),
"ISGROUP_RMK" CHAR(1) DEFAULT ‘N‘ NOT NULL ENABLE,
"GROUP_FACT_NO" CHAR(4),
"SHIPPER" VARCHAR2(300),
CONSTRAINT "PK_CUSTOM" PRIMARY KEY ("FACT_NO", "CUSTOM_NO", "BRAND_NO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "MIS_IDX" ENABLE,
CONSTRAINT "CKC_CHINA_RM_CUSTOM" CHECK ( CHINA_RM is null or (CHINA_RM in (‘Y‘,‘N‘))) ENABLE NOVALIDATE,
CONSTRAINT "FK_CUSTOM_FK_AREAM__AREAM" FOREIGN KEY ("FACT_NO", "AREA_CODE")
REFERENCES "S6MISM"."AREAM" ("FACT_NO", "AREA_CODE") ENABLE
) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 131072 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "MIS_DATA"

CREATE TABLE "S6MISM"."BRAND"
( "FACT_NO" CHAR(4) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"BRAND_NO" CHAR(2) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"BRAND_NAME" CHAR(20) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"EDI_CODE" CHAR(1),
"CTN_PAIR" NUMBER(2,0),
"SIZE_KIND" CHAR(1) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"VOUM_NO" VARCHAR2(2) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"TRANHK_CODE" CHAR(4),
"BRAND_CODE" CHAR(4),
"INIT_STYLE_NO" CHAR(7),
"INIT_SIZE_KIND" CHAR(1) DEFAULT ‘2‘,
"BRAND_CODE_ADT" VARCHAR2(4),
CONSTRAINT "FK_BRAND" PRIMARY KEY ("FACT_NO", "BRAND_NO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "MIS_IDX" ENABLE
) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "MIS_DATA"

8. 查詢：select distinct c1 from t1 where 條件 group by c1 having by 子條件order by c1; SELECT MAIN_MAT_NO,sub_mat_no,level

FROM MATBOM
--where level >1
START WITH sub_MAT_NO = ‘A020408G01A059 ‘
CONNECT BY PRIOR SUB_MAT_NO = MAIN_MAT_NO
;;

9. 連接字符串：select c1 ||c2 from t1; 10.查看當前系統時間 ：select sysdate from dual; 11.更新數據操作：插入記錄：insert into t1(c1,c2)values(‘’,’’)； 插入一字段:insert into t1(c1,c2) select c3,c4 from t2; 更新記錄：update t1 set c1=’’ where c1 = ‘‘ 刪除記錄：delete from t1 where;truncate table t1;drop table t1; 12.創建外鍵: create table t1(dept_no varchar2(4) not null, constraint fk_emp foreign key (dept_no) references t2(dept_no); 對已經存在表創建外鍵: alter table t1 add constraint foreign_work_emp foreign key(c1) references t2(c1); 刪除一個外鍵: alter table t1 drop constraint foreign_work_emp; 增加一個字段： alter table t1 add c1 varchar2(10); 13.多表查詢:select * from t1,t2;(笛卡爾集c1行*c2行) 14.嵌套查詢select c1 from t1 where c2 in(select c2 from t2 where c3=(select c3 from t3)); 15. 將小寫字母變為大寫字母 : select upper(‘hello‘) from dual; 將大寫字母變為小寫字母 : select lower(‘HELLO WORLD‘) from dual; 將第一個字母大寫 : select initcap(‘hello world‘) from dual; 16. 將一個字符串轉換成日期類型 : select to_date(‘2009-01-01‘, ‘yyyy-mm-dd‘) from dual; 17.聯合查詢 : select e.empno, e.ename, d.deptno, d.dname, d.loc from emp e, dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno; 18.查看當前有哪些用戶連接到數據庫 : select * from v$session where username=‘FMIS9999‘(select serial#, sid from v$session; 殺掉：alter system kill session ‘serial#, sid ‘;) 19. select count(*) from v$process --當前的連接數 select value from v$parameter where name = ‘processes‘ --數據庫允許的最大連接數 修改最大連接數: alter system set processes = 300 scope = spfile; 重啟數據庫: shutdown immediate; startup; --查看當前有哪些用戶正在使用數據 SELECT osuser, a.username,cpu_time/executions/1000000||‘s‘, sql_fulltext,machine from v$session a, v$sqlarea b where a.sql_address =b.address order by cpu_time/executions desc; 20.修改表空間名稱 1、 使用oracle用戶登錄執行 $sqlplus / as sysdba 2、 執行修改表空間命令如下 SQL> alter tablespace TEST rename to TEST1; 21、備份表數據 create table xtyhxx_bak1013 as select * from xtyhxx; 22.修改oracle中內存占用大小 show parameter sga; --顯示內存分配情況 alter system set sga_max_size=200m scope=spfile; --修改占用內存的大小 23.oracle怎麽把一列數據插入到另一列 update [表名] set [另外一列]=[前一列] 24.修改字段名稱 alter table [表名] rename column [oldCName] to [newCName]; 添加字段的語法：alter table tablename add (column datatype [default value][null/not null],….); 修改字段的語法：alter table tablename modify (column datatype [default value][null/not null],….); 刪除字段的語法：alter table tablename drop (column); 25、導入導出指定表數據 1、從源數據庫導出： exp user1/pwd@server1 file=c:\temp\exp.dmp tables=(table1, table2) 2、導入到目標數據庫： imp user2/pwd@server2 file=c:\temp\exp.dmp tables=(table1, table2) 3、imp,加上fromuser,touser,ignore=Y選項 imp \‘FMIS9999/[email protected]/invoiceone\‘ file=/home/oracle/dump/PDF_QUEUE_20180505.DMP ignore=Y FULL=Y 26、查詢表空間是否自動擴展 select file_name,autoextensible,increment_by from dba_data_files; 27.VICE_NAMES:
SELECT * FROM global_name; -- 查看oracle的全局數據庫名
SELECT * FROM v$database; -- 查看數據庫名 show parameter db_name;

28.數據庫實例名對應著SID
-- SID: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/glossary.htm#LADBI8021
-- linux下在配置oracle環境變量的情況可以使用 echo $ORACLE_SID,如果沒有可以使用ps -ef |grep oracle 來查詢，結果中的xxxx就是對應的SID。
-- oracle 2548 1 0 Aug17 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_xxxx
-- 在windows環境下,oracle是以後臺服務的方式被管理的,所以看"控制面板->管理工具->服務 裏面的名稱:"OracleServiceORCL",則ORCL就是sid;
SELECT * FROM v$instance; --查看數據庫實例名 show parameter instance_name;
select instance from v$thread;

-- show parameter是oracle的命令，不是標準SQL語句
-- 可以在sqlplus或者pl/sql dev的命令窗口執行
-- show parameter aaaa;等價於SELECT * FROM v$parameter WHERE name like ‘%aaaa%‘;
SELECT * FROM v$parameter WHERE name like ‘%name%‘; --等價於show parameter name;
select * from v$parameter where name like ‘%db_domain%‘; --查詢數據庫域名

29. drop user

select username from all_users where username like ‘%SCOTT%‘;
drop user SCOTT cascade;
commit;

-- ERROR at line 1:
-- ORA-01940: cannot drop a user that is currently connected

30.KILL SESSION

select ‘ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ‘||‘‘‘‘||SID||‘,‘||SERIAL#||‘‘‘‘||‘;‘ as KILLER from v$session where username=‘SCOTT‘;
-- KILLER
-- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ‘363,35‘;
-- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ‘364,51‘;
commit;

31.drop role

select * from dba_roles where role like ‘%CONNECT%‘;
drop role CONNECT;
commit;

32.drop tablespace

select * from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name like ‘EXAMPLE‘;

drop tablespace EXAMPLE including contents and datafiles cascade constraints ;
-- including contents 刪除表空間中的內容，如果刪除表空間之前表空間中有內容，而未加此參數，表空間刪不掉，所以習慣性的加此參數。
-- including datafiles 刪除表空間中的數據文件。
-- cascade constraints 同時刪除 tablespace 中表的外鍵參照。

33 如何創建dblink和視圖

-- http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SQLRF/statements_5006.htm#i2061505
如果需要創建全局 DBLink，則需要先確定用戶有創建 dblink 的權限：
select * from user_sys_privs where privilege like upper(‘%DATABASE LINK%‘);

-- 如果沒有，則需要使用 sysdba 角色給用戶賦權：
grant create public database link to dbusername;

-- 如果創建全局 dblink，必須使用 systm 或 sys 用戶，在 database 前加 public。
create /* public */ database link dblink1
connect to dbusername identified by dbpassword
using ‘(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.1)(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))‘;

-- 創建dblink後，就可以直接在dblink上創建視圖
create or replace view cptp as (select SJDH from dbusername.cptp@dblink1); drop view cptp;

34.鎖表查詢SQL
SELECT object_name, machine, s.sid, s.serial#
FROM gv$locked_object l, dba_objects o, gv$session s
WHERE l.object_id　= o.object_id
AND l.session_id = s.sid;

35. 解除鎖表
alter system kill session ‘sid, serial#‘;

36. 備份某個表
create table new_table as select * from old_table;

37 查看數據庫是否在rac環境的集群中的
show parameter cluster_database;
select * from v$parameter where name = ‘cluster_database‘;

38.列操作
-- 增加和修改列不需要加關鍵字COLUMN
-- 刪除單列的話，一定要加COLUMN，刪除多列的時候，不能加COLUMN關鍵字

-- 增加一列
alter table emp4 add test varchar2(10);
-- 修改一列
alter table emp4 modify test varchar2(20);
-- 刪除一列
alter table emp4 drop column test;
-- 增加多列
alter table emp4 add (test varchar2(10),test2 number);
-- 修改多列
alter table emp4 modify (test varchar2(20),test2 varchar2(20));
-- 刪除多列
alter table emp4 drop (test,test2);

Oracle數據庫常用的Sql語句整理