針對系統和數據庫壓測是項目上線前必做的一項，這裏使用的是最新版本的sysbench做的壓測使用詳解。sysbench可以做系統層面的壓力測試（CPU、內存、硬盤IO、互斥鎖、Thead），也可以做數據庫（MySQL/Oracle/PG）層面的壓力測試。安裝容易，操作便捷，是壓測使用的重要工具之一。
一、sysbench下載
項目地址：https://launchpad.net/sysbench
下載地址：https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench/archive/1.0.3.tar.gz
二、sysbench安裝
[root@DB_TEST tools]# tar -xzvf sysbench-1.0.3.tar.gz
[root@DB_TEST tools]# cd sysbench-1.0.3
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]# ./autogen.sh
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sysbench --with-mysql
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]# make
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]# make install
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]# cp -rp /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench /usr/bin/
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --help
點擊(此處)折疊或打開

1. [root@BJ-133-22 sysbench-1.0.3]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --help
2. Usage:
3. sysbench [options]... [testname] [command]
5. Commands implemented by most tests: prepare run cleanup help
7. General options:
8. --threads=N number of threads to use [1]
9. --events=N limit for total number of events [0]
10. --time=N limit for total execution time in seconds [10]
11. --forced-shutdown=STRING number of seconds to wait after the --time limit before forcing shutdown, or ‘off‘ to disable [off]
12. --thread-stack-size=SIZE size of stack per thread [64K]
13. --rate=N average transactions rate. 0 for unlimited rate [0]
14. --report-interval=N periodically report intermediate statistics with a specified interval in seconds. 0 disables intermediate reports [0]
15. --report-checkpoints=[LIST,...] dump full statistics and reset all counters at specified points in time. The argument is a list of comma-separated values representing the amount of time in seconds elapsed from start of test when report checkpoint(s) must be performed. Report checkpoints are off by default. []
16. --debug[=on|off] print more debugging info [off]
17. --validate[=on|off] perform validation checks where possible [off]
18. --help[=on|off] print help and exit [off]
19. --version[=on|off] print version and exit [off]
20. --config-file=FILENAME File containing command line options
21. --tx-rate=N deprecated alias for --rate [0]
22. --max-requests=N deprecated alias for --events [0]
23. --max-time=N deprecated alias for --time [0]
24. --num-threads=N deprecated alias for --threads [1]
26. Pseudo-Random Numbers Generator options:
27. --rand-type=STRING random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special]
28. --rand-spec-iter=N number of iterations used for numbers generation [12]
29. --rand-spec-pct=N percentage of values to be treated as ‘special‘ (for special distribution) [1]
30. --rand-spec-res=N percentage of ‘special‘ values to use (for special distribution) [75]
31. --rand-seed=N seed for random number generator. When 0, the current time is used as a RNG seed. [0]
32. --rand-pareto-h=N parameter h for pareto distibution [0.2]
34. Log options:
35. --verbosity=N verbosity level {5 - debug, 0 - only critical messages} [3]
37. --percentile=N percentile to calculate in latency statistics (1-100). Use the special value of 0 to disable percentile calculations [95]
38. --histogram[=on|off] print latency histogram in report [off]
40. General database options:
42. --db-driver=STRING specifies database driver to use (‘help‘ to get list of available drivers)
43. --db-ps-mode=STRING prepared statements usage mode {auto, disable} [auto]
44. --db-debug[=on|off] print database-specific debug information [off]
47. Compiled-in database drivers:
48. mysql - MySQL driver
50. mysql options:
51. --mysql-host=[LIST,...] MySQL server host [localhost]
52. --mysql-port=[LIST,...] MySQL server port [3306]
53. --mysql-socket=[LIST,...] MySQL socket
54. --mysql-user=STRING MySQL user [sbtest]
55. --mysql-password=STRING MySQL password []
56. --mysql-db=STRING MySQL database name [sbtest]
57. --mysql-ssl[=on|off] use SSL connections, if available in the client library [off]
58. --mysql-ssl-cipher=STRING use specific cipher for SSL connections []
59. --mysql-compression[=on|off] use compression, if available in the client library [off]
60. --mysql-debug[=on|off] trace all client library calls [off]
61. --mysql-ignore-errors=[LIST,...] list of errors to ignore, or "all" [1213,1020,1205]
62. --mysql-dry-run[=on|off] Dry run, pretend that all MySQL client API calls are successful without executing them [off]
64. Compiled-in tests:
65. fileio - File I/O test
66. cpu - CPU performance test
67. memory - Memory functions speed test
68. threads - Threads subsystem performance test
69. mutex - Mutex performance test
71. See ‘sysbench help‘ for a list of options for each test.

三、sysbench使用
1、CPU性能測試

cpu性能測試：找範圍內最大素數{時間越短越好}

cpu性能測試主要是根據素數的加法運算，這裏指定最大素數(質數)為80000，--num-threads=`grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`指定線程數，默認是1

/usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=80000 run

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

1. [root@db_test ~]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=80000 run
2. WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
3. sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
5. Running the test with following options:
6. Number of threads: 1
7. Initializing random number generator from current time
10. Prime numbers limit: 80000
12. Initializing worker threads...
14. Threads started!
17. General statistics:
18. total time: 10.0057s
19. total number of events: 520
21. Latency (ms):
22. min: 18.74
23. avg: 19.24
24. max: 19.39
25. 95th percentile: 19.29
26. sum: 10005.32
28. Threads fairness:
29. events (avg/stddev): 520.0000/0.00
30. execution time (avg/stddev): 10.0053/0.00

實際環境CPU拷機壓測腳本如下：

echo -e "進行CPU壓力測試: 尋找小於1千萬的最大質數,並發線程數10,最大請求數100 "

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --num-threads=10 --max-requests=100 --test=cpu --debug --cpu-max-prime=10000000 run

2、內存性能測試

sysbench 測試memory的時候是順序讀或寫內存的。根據選項的不同，每次操作過程中，每個線程可以獲取global或本地的數據塊

內存：以不同塊大小傳輸一定數量的數據吞吐量大小{越大越好}

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

1. [root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=memory help
2. WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
3. sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
5. memory options:
6. --memory-block-size=SIZE size of memory block for test [1K] 測試時內存塊大小
7. --memory-total-size=SIZE total size of data to transfer [100G] 傳輸數據總大小
8. --memory-scope=STRING memory access scope {global,local} [global] 內存訪問範圍
9. --memory-hugetlb[=on|off] allocate memory from HugeTLB pool [off] 從<span "=""> HugeTLB pool內存分配

• --memory-oper=STRING type of memory operations {read, write, none} [write] 內存操作類型
• --memory-access-mode=STRING memory access mode {seq,rnd} [seq] 存儲器存取方式

示例：測試傳輸數據總量為5G，每個塊大小是1K（一般設置是8K），連續讀寫的情況下，吞吐量3435.87 MiB/sec
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=memory --memory-block-size=1K --memory-total-size=5G run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time


Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

Operations performed: 5242880 (3518332.06 ops/sec)

5120.00 MiB transferred (3435.87 MiB/sec)


General statistics:
total time: 1.4883s
total number of events: 5242880

Latency (ms):
min: 0.00
avg: 0.00
max: 0.03
95th percentile: 0.00
sum: 631.01

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 5242880.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 0.6310/0.00

實際內存壓力測試腳本：

echo -e "進行內存壓力測試: 測試範圍32G,並發線程數10,最大請求數100, 讀 "

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --num-threads=10 --max-requests=100 --test=memory --memory-block-size=8K --memory-total-size=${MEM}G --memory-oper=read run

echo -e "進行內存壓力測試: 測試範圍32G,並發線程數10,最大請求數100, 寫 "

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --num-threads=10 --max-requests=100 --test=memory --memory-block-size=8K --memory-total-size=${MEM}G --memory-oper=write run

3、磁盤IO性能測試

IO性能測試：不同場景下IOPS{越大越好}

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

1. [root@db_test sysbench-1.0.3]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=fileio help
2. WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
3. sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
5. fileio options:
6. --file-num=N number of files to create [128]
7. --file-block-size=N block size to use in all IO operations [16384]
8. --file-total-size=SIZE total size of files to create [2G]
9. --file-test-mode=STRING test mode {seqwr, seqrewr, seqrd, rndrd, rndwr, rndrw}
10. --file-io-mode=STRING file operations mode {sync,async,mmap} [sync]
11. --file-async-backlog=N number of asynchronous operatons to queue per thread [128]
12. --file-extra-flags=STRING additional flags to use on opening files {sync,dsync,direct} []
13. --file-fsync-freq=N do fsync() after this number of requests (0 - don‘t use fsync()) [100]
14. --file-fsync-all[=on|off] do fsync() after each write operation [off]
15. --file-fsync-end[=on|off] do fsync() at the end of test [on]
16. --file-fsync-mode=STRING which method to use for synchronization {fsync, fdatasync} [fsync]
17. --file-merged-requests=N merge at most this number of IO requests if possible (0 - don‘t merge) [0]
18. --file-rw-ratio=N reads/writes ratio for combined test [1.5]

--file-num=N 創建測試文件數量，默認是 [128]
--file-block-size=N 測試時文件塊大小，默認是[16384]，即16K
--file-total-size=SIZE 測試文件的總大小，默認是 [2G]
--file-test-mode=STRING 測試模式 {seqwr（順序寫）, seqrewr（順序讀寫）, seqrd（順序讀）, rndrd（隨機讀）, rndwr（隨機寫）, rndrw（隨機讀寫）}
--file-io-mode=STRING 文件操作模式{sync,async,mmap} [sync]
--file-extra-flags=STRING 使用額外的標誌打開文件 {sync,dsync,direct} []
--file-fsync-freq=N 執行fsync()頻率，0表示不使用，默認100
--file-fsync-all=[on|off] 每執行一次寫操作執行一次fsync(),默認 [off]
--file-fsync-end=[on|off] 測試結束執行fsync(),默認 [on]
--file-fsync-mode=STRING 同步方法 {fsync, fdatasync} [fsync]
--file-merged-requests=N 如果可以，則合並IO請求數，默認0表示不合並
--file-rw-ratio=N 測試讀寫比例，默認[1.5]

seqwr 順序寫入
seqrewr 順序重寫
seqrd 順序讀取
rndrd 隨機讀取
rndwr 隨機寫入
rndrw 混合隨機讀/寫

FileIO示例01：prepare 命令創建了128個文件總共大小為10G ，文件讀寫模式為隨機讀寫混合方式。run 命令則進行測試，並返回結果，cleanup 刪除測試產生的文件！
##Fileio準備工作，生成測試數據（最好比內存的2倍大）
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndrw prepare
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
WARNING: --num-threads is deprecated, use --threads instead
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

128 files, 81920Kb each, 10240Mb total
Creating files for the test...
Extra file open flags: 0
Creating file test_file.0
...
Creating file test_file.127
10737418240 bytes written in 9.96 seconds (1027.97 MiB/sec).
##正式執行FileIO測試
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndrw run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
WARNING: --num-threads is deprecated, use --threads instead
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 16
Initializing random number generator from current time


Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 80MiB each
10GiB total file size
Block size 16KiB
Number of IO requests: 0
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!


File operations:
reads/s: 1449.16
writes/s: 965.91
fsyncs/s: 3083.55

Throughput:
read, MiB/s: 22.64
written, MiB/s: 15.09

General statistics:
total time: 10.4176s
total number of events: 57291

Latency (ms):
min: 0.00
avg: 2.87
max: 825.08
95th percentile: 0.17
sum: 164312.66

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 3580.6875/469.53
execution time (avg/stddev): 10.2695/0.08

IO密切相關的包括每秒請求數和總吞吐量，其中請求數是(1449.16+965.91+3083.55)/s，吞吐量是（22.64+15.09）MB/s

##清理創建的文件
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndrw cleanup
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
WARNING: --num-threads is deprecated, use --threads instead
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

Removing test files...

實際環境FILEIO壓力測試腳本：

echo -e "進行IO壓力測試: 20個文件,每個10GB,隨機讀寫 "

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --file-num=20 --num-threads=20 --test=fileio --file-total-size=${HDD}G --max-requests=1000000 --file-test-mode=rndrw prepare

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --file-num=20 --num-threads=20 --test=fileio --file-total-size=${HDD}G --max-requests=1000000 --file-test-mode=rndrw run

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --file-num=20 --num-threads=20 --test=fileio --file-total-size=${HDD}G --max-requests=1000000 --file-test-mode=rndrw cleanup

4、thread測試

線程調度：線程並發執行，循環響應信號量花費的時間{越少越好}
測試線程調度器的性能。對於高負載情況下測試線程調度器的行為非常有用

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

1. [root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=threads help
2. WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
3. sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
5. threads options:
6. --thread-yields=N number of yields to do per request [1000] 每個請求產生多少個線程，默認<span "="">[1000]
7. --thread-locks=N number of locks per thread [8] 每個線程的鎖數量，默認 [8]

示例：
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --num-threads=64 --test=threads --thread-yields=100 --thread-locks=2 run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
WARNING: --num-threads is deprecated, use --threads instead
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 64
Initializing random number generator from current time


Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!


General statistics:
total time: 10.0043s
total number of events: 102842

Latency (ms):
min: 0.02
avg: 6.22
max: 28.83
95th percentile: 15.00
sum: 640039.96

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 1606.9062/31.79
execution time (avg/stddev): 10.0006/0.00

5、互斥鎖測試

互斥鎖：並發線程同時申請互斥鎖循環一定次數花費的時間{越少越好}

測試互斥鎖的性能，方式是模擬所有線程在同一時刻並發運行，並都短暫請求互斥鎖

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

1. [root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=mutex help
2. WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
3. sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
5. mutex options:
6. --mutex-num=N total size of mutex array [4096] 數組互斥總大小，默認<span "="">[4096]
7. --mutex-locks=N number of mutex locks to do per thread [50000] 每個線程互斥鎖的數量，默認 [50000]
8. --mutex-loops=N number of empty loops to do inside mutex lock [10000] 內部互斥鎖的空循環數量，默認 [10000]

所有線程同時執行，獲取短時間的mutex lock，以便測試mutex的實現！

示例：
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=mutex --mutex-num=4096 --mutex-locks=50000 --mutex-loops=20000 run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time


Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!


General statistics:
total time: 0.0021s
total number of events: 1

Latency (ms):
min: 2.05
avg: 2.05
max: 2.05
95th percentile: 2.03
sum: 2.05

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 1.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 0.0020/0.00

mysql之 sysbench1.0.3 安裝與系統壓力測試