iOS 開發：CocoaPods 安裝以及

ERROR:  Error installing cocoapods:

activesupport requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2.

今天用新的Mac筆記本安裝cocoa pods時出現一點問題，在此百度整理了三位大神的部落格。 

1. 什麼是CocoaPods：

CocoaPods是OS X和iOS下的一個第三類庫管理工具，通過CocoaPods工具我們可以為專案新增被稱為“Pods”的依賴庫（這些類庫必須是CocoaPods本身所支援的），並且可以輕鬆管理其版本。

Cocoapods意義體現在兩個方面。第一，在引入第三方庫時它可以自動為我們完成各種各樣的配置，包括配置編譯階段、聯結器選項、甚至是ARC環境下的-fno-objc-arc配置等。第二，使用CocoaPods可以很方便地查詢新的第三方庫，這些類庫是比較“標準的”，而不是網上隨便找到的，這樣可以讓我們找到真正好用的類庫。

接下來我們將介紹CocoaPods的使用。

2. CocoaPods的核心元件：

CocoaPods是用Ruby寫的，並劃分成了若干個Gem包。

CocoaPods在解析執行過程中最重要的幾個包的路徑分別是：CocoaPods/CocoaPods、 CocoaPods/Core和 CocoaPods/Xcodeproj。

CocoaPods / CocoaPod：這是面向使用者的元件，每當執行一個pod命令時，這個元件將被啟用。它包括了所有實用CocoaPods的功能，並且還能呼叫其他gem包來執行任務。

CocoaPods / Core：Core gem提供了與CocoaPods相關的檔案（主要是podfile和podspecs）的處理。

Podfile：該檔案用於配置專案所需要的第三方庫，它可以被高度定製。本文中我們主要在這裡做動作。

Podspec：該檔案描述了一個庫將怎樣被新增進工程中。.podspec檔案可以標識該第三方庫所需要的原始碼檔案、依賴庫、編譯選項，以及其他第三方庫需要的配置。

CocoaPods / Xcodeproj：這個包負責處理工程檔案，它能建立以及修改.xcodeproj檔案和.xcworkspace檔案。它也可以作為一個獨立的包使用，當你要編寫修改專案檔案的指令碼時，可以考慮使用CocoaPods/Xcodeproj。

3. 安裝：

開啟終端，按以下步驟操作：

    1> .移除現有的Ruby ：$gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/

2>.使用淘寶映象:         $gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/

3>.驗證當前ruby版本 : $gem sources -l (這是英文字母l)

成功後提示：

*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

https://ruby.taobao.org/

4>.開始安裝cocoa pods : $sudo gem install cocoa pods

4. 出現問題： ERROR:  Error installing cocoapods:

activesupport requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2.

意思就是 Ruby 環境版本必須大於等於2.2.2 才能安裝cocoapods. 

 查, ruby 的版本好像是1.9.8吧,看來是cocoapods 沒騙我.接下來的工作就是升級 cocoapods 了
1>. 查詢ruby的版本：$rvm list known

如果提示command not found 請先安裝rvm

$curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable  

如果已安裝會列出所有的ruby版本：

# MRI Rubies

[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]

[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head

[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]

[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]

[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]

[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]

[ruby-]2.1[.8]

[ruby-]2.2[.4]

[ruby-]2.3[.0]

[ruby-]2.2-head

ruby-head

# for forks use: rvm install ruby-head-<name> --url https://github.com/github/ruby.git --branch 2.2

# JRuby

jruby-1.6[.8]

jruby-1.7[.23]

jruby[-9.0.5.0]

jruby-head

# Rubinius

rbx-1[.4.3]

rbx-2.3[.0]

rbx-2.4[.1]

rbx[-2.5.8]

rbx-head

# Opal

opal

# Minimalistic ruby implementation - ISO 30170:2012

mruby[-head]

# Ruby Enterprise Edition

ree-1.8.6

ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]

# GoRuby

goruby

# Topaz

topaz

# MagLev

maglev[-head]

maglev-1.0.0

# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer

macruby-0.10

macruby-0.11

macruby[-0.12]

macruby-nightly

macruby-head

# IronRuby

ironruby[-1.1.3]

ironruby-head

說明：rvm是用來管理ruby的，ruby的其中一個“程式”叫rubygems，簡稱 gem，而用來管理專案 的gem的，叫bundle.完全是不同的東西，他們相同的只是都可以管理gem.所以說用這個gem --version查出來的版本是gem的。

2>. 安裝ruby 2.2.2 

$rvm install 2.2.2

Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.

Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/osx/10.11/x86_64/ruby-2.2.2.tar.bz2

Checking requirements for osx.

About to install Homebrew, press `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,

type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user)

: 

點選回車：

It appears Homebrew is already installed. If your intent is to reinstall you

should do the following before running this installer again:

    ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"

The current contents of /usr/local are .git

Requirements installation failed with status: 1.

==> This script will install:

/usr/local/bin/brew

/usr/local/Library/...

/usr/local/share/doc/homebrew

/usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1

/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew

/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/brew

Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort

==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir /Library/Caches/Homebrew

Password: 這裡需要輸入電腦密碼

==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /Library/Caches/Homebrew

==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown haha /Library/Caches/Homebrew

==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...

remote: Counting objects: 501, done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (445/445), done.

remote: Total 501 (delta 29), reused 360 (delta 27), pack-reused 0

Receiving objects: 100% (501/501), 787.83 KiB | 169.00 KiB/s, done.

Resolving deltas: 100% (29/29), done.

From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew

 * [new branch]      master     -> origin/master

HEAD is now at 32f7e73 download_strategy: ensure fixed commit hash length

==> Tapping homebrew/core

Cloning into '/usr/local/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core'...

remote: Counting objects: 3714, done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3598/3598), done.

remote: Total 3714 (delta 14), reused 2112 (delta 6), pack-reused 0

Receiving objects: 100% (3714/3714), 2.88 MiB | 240.00 KiB/s, done.

Resolving deltas: 100% (14/14), done.

Checking connectivity... done.

Checking out files: 100% (3717/3717), done.

Tapped 3591 formulae (3,740 files, 9.0M)

==> Installation successful!

==> Next steps

Run `brew help` to get started

Further documentation: https://git.io/brew-docs

==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate user behaviour analytics

Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:

  https://git.io/brew-analytics

Installing requirements for osx.

Updating system.....

Installing required packages: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config, libyaml, readline, libksba, openssl........

Certificates in '/usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem' are already up to date.

Requirements installation successful.

ruby-2.2.2 - #configure

ruby-2.2.2 - #download

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current

                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed

100 6854k  100 6854k    0     0  61342      0  0:01:54  0:01:54 --:--:--  132k

ruby-2.2.2 - #validate archive

ruby-2.2.2 - #extract

ruby-2.2.2 - #validate binary

ruby-2.2.2 - #setup

ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/[email protected]

ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemset /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems..............................

ruby-2.2.2 - #generating global wrappers........

ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2

ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list

ruby-2.2.2 - #generating default wrappers........

Updating certificates in '/etc/openssl/cert.pem'.

mkdir: /etc/openssl: Permission denied

mkdir -p "/etc/openssl" failed, retrying with sudo

haha password required for 'mkdir -p /etc/openssl': 

and sudo mkdir worked

再次輸入密碼

3> .安裝 cocoa pods：

$sudo gem install cocoapods

Fetching: nap-1.1.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed nap-1.1.0

Fetching: fourflusher-0.3.2.gem (100%)

Successfully installed fourflusher-0.3.2

Fetching: escape-0.0.4.gem (100%)

Successfully installed escape-0.0.4

Fetching: colored-1.2.gem (100%)

Successfully installed colored-1.2

Fetching: concurrent-ruby-1.0.2.gem (100%)

Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.0.2

Fetching: thread_safe-0.3.5.gem (100%)

Successfully installed thread_safe-0.3.5

Fetching: tzinfo-1.2.2.gem (100%)

Successfully installed tzinfo-1.2.2

Fetching: i18n-0.7.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed i18n-0.7.0

Fetching: activesupport-5.0.0.1.gem (100%)

Successfully installed activesupport-5.0.0.1

Fetching: claide-1.0.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed claide-1.0.0

Fetching: xcodeproj-1.2.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed xcodeproj-1.2.0

Fetching: molinillo-0.4.5.gem (100%)

Successfully installed molinillo-0.4.5

Fetching: cocoapods-try-1.1.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed cocoapods-try-1.1.0

Fetching: netrc-0.7.8.gem (100%)

Successfully installed netrc-0.7.8

Fetching: cocoapods-trunk-1.0.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed cocoapods-trunk-1.0.0

Fetching: cocoapods-stats-1.0.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed cocoapods-stats-1.0.0

Fetching: cocoapods-search-1.0.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed cocoapods-search-1.0.0

Fetching: cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0

Fetching: cocoapods-downloader-1.1.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed cocoapods-downloader-1.1.0

Fetching: cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.0

Fetching: fuzzy_match-2.0.4.gem (100%)

Successfully installed fuzzy_match-2.0.4

Fetching: cocoapods-core-1.0.1.gem (100%)

Successfully installed cocoapods-core-1.0.1

Fetching: cocoapods-1.0.1.gem (100%)

Successfully installed cocoapods-1.0.1

Parsing documentation for nap-1.1.0

Installing ri documentation for nap-1.1.0

Parsing documentation for fourflusher-0.3.2

Installing ri documentation for fourflusher-0.3.2

Parsing documentation for escape-0.0.4

Installing ri documentation for escape-0.0.4

Parsing documentation for colored-1.2

Installing ri documentation for colored-1.2

Parsing documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.0.2

Installing ri documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.0.2

Parsing documentation for thread_safe-0.3.5

Installing ri documentation for thread_safe-0.3.5

Parsing documentation for tzinfo-1.2.2

Installing ri documentation for tzinfo-1.2.2

Parsing documentation for i18n-0.7.0

Installing ri documentation for i18n-0.7.0

Parsing documentation for activesupport-5.0.0.1

Installing ri documentation for activesupport-5.0.0.1

Parsing documentation for claide-1.0.0

Installing ri documentation for claide-1.0.0

Parsing documentation for xcodeproj-1.2.0

Installing ri documentation for xcodeproj-1.2.0

Parsing documentation for molinillo-0.4.5

Installing ri documentation for molinillo-0.4.5

Parsing documentation for cocoapods-try-1.1.0

Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-try-1.1.0

Parsing documentation for netrc-0.7.8

Installing ri documentation for netrc-0.7.8

Parsing documentation for cocoapods-trunk-1.0.0

Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-trunk-1.0.0

Parsing documentation for cocoapods-stats-1.0.0

Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-stats-1.0.0

Parsing documentation for cocoapods-search-1.0.0

Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-search-1.0.0

Parsing documentation for cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0

Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0

Parsing documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.1.0

Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.1.0

Parsing documentation for cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.0

Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.0

Parsing documentation for fuzzy_match-2.0.4

Installing ri documentation for fuzzy_match-2.0.4

Parsing documentation for cocoapods-core-1.0.1

Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-core-1.0.1

Parsing documentation for cocoapods-1.0.1

Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-1.0.1

Done installing documentation for nap, fourflusher, escape, colored, concurrent-ruby, thread_safe, tzinfo, i18n, activesupport, claide, xcodeproj, molinillo, cocoapods-try, netrc, cocoapods-trunk, cocoapods-stats, cocoapods-search, cocoapods-plugins, cocoapods-downloader, cocoapods-deintegrate, fuzzy_match, cocoapods-core, cocoapods after 21 seconds

23 gems installed

這樣cocoa pods就安裝成功了。

# GoRuby

goruby

# Topaz

topaz

# MagLev

maglev[-head]

maglev-1.0.0

# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer

macruby-0.10

macruby-0.11

macruby[-0.12]

macruby-nightly

macruby-head

# IronRuby

ironruby[-1.1.3]

ironruby-head

$sudo gem install cocoapods