薄荷英語--2018年10月28日知識點總結
薄荷英語--2018年10月28日知識點總結
一、每日一句
- Never let your fear decide your future.
別讓你的畏懼引導你的未來。
二、背景知識
1、 瑞士的教育
1850年開始,義務教育制度在瑞士各行政區開始實行。通常,小學教育在孩子六七歲的時候開始(今天的閱讀內容中也有提到“Heidi應該在一年前就讀小學了),至少讀六年,學生只有一個老師,這個老師會負責所有科目的教學。
瑞士十分重視教育和知識,每個行政區都要對當地的教育服務負責任,所以在不同的行政區,教育也會產生變化。例如:一些行政區在四年級的時候開始教授第二外語,但其他行政區會在其他年級開始教授。所以如果有學生搬到了另一個行政區,對他的教育將會很不利。
在瑞士,大多數學生都去公立學校。私立學校通常學費昂貴,且人們總是認為私立學校的學生可能沒有公立學校的學生那麼成功。公立學校包括幼兒園(kindergarten)、小學(elementary school)、中學(secondary school)和大學(universities)。
2、 法蘭克福(Frankfurt)
法蘭克福,全名為美因河畔法蘭克福(Frankfurt am Main),位於德國的中西部,是德國的第五大城市,也是文學巨匠歌德的故鄉。19世紀的法蘭克福也是德國大城市之一,在1816年到1866年,它是德意志州聯的首都和州聯議會的所在地。
19世紀中期,由於第二次工業革命的發展,德國的工業化和城市化規模迅速擴大,大城市急速擴張,其中不乏法蘭克福的身影。越來越多的人遷往城市尋找新的工作機會,城市呈現出爆炸式的人口增長。以法蘭克福為例,在1817時其人口總數為4萬人,到了1875年人口急劇上升到了10萬人,1890年人口總數到達18萬人。遷往法蘭克福這樣大城市的人,除了德國國內的居民,還有來自周邊國家的勞工移民。Aunt Deta 就是屬於這樣的勞工移民。
3、 lady’s companion
18世紀到20世紀中期,歐洲的貴族女子絕大部分的時間都是待在家裡,教育也是在家中進行,獨自一人的生活相對單調,並且在社交上多有不便,所以貴族家庭會聘請一些背景信得過的女孩來當lady’s companion。Lady’s companion一般來自中上階級家庭。當時,中上階級的女子的工作機會很少,如果她需要除了家庭之外的其他經濟支援,做一個lady’s companion是絕佳的選擇,因為這份工作既有薪資,又不會自降身份。但是隨著時代的演變,聘任家庭對於lady’s companion 的身份要求不再那麼高,比如在《海蒂》裡,即使小海蒂不是來自中上階級,也可以去擔任這個職位。
Lady’s companion 的主要工作是給予僱主家庭裡的特定女性以陪伴和一些建議,陪同她們參加社交活動等等。這個職位不同於家中的僕人,她可以和主人們一同進食,並且擁有一間自己的房間,而不是住在僕人房。如果主人不要求,她可以不做任何家務。
4、 19世紀歐洲的服飾風尚
19世紀,隨著中產階級的慢慢崛起,樣式簡單大方的帽子開始流行,尤其是寬邊緣、有下巴繫帶的bonnet風靡一時。人們不再喜歡用昂貴的珠寶首飾來頭部,而是選擇穿戴裝飾有綢帶、羽毛,人造水果、人造花的帽子。一些貴族喜歡用珍貴鳥類的羽毛來彰顯自己的獨特的地位。
在衣著服飾方面,這個時期依然以及地長裙為主。19世紀前期的裙子注意突出女性的線條,裙身突出腰線,下襬飽滿,女性會內穿緊身內衣來突出腰部的纖細。到19世紀後半期,一種名為“princess line dress”的款式開始流行,它沒有腰線,而更加突出女性的自然輪廓。
三、語言知識
- 1. Heidi became very fond of the old grandmother, and when the weather was fair, she visited her/ every day/ that winter.
become fond of 變得喜歡
More and more people become fond of her movies.
越來越多的人喜歡了她的電影。
fair 形容詞 adj.
- fair——》“公平的,美麗的”
fair price 公平的價格
She is as fair as lily.
她像百合花一樣美。- fair——》 “晴朗的”
fair skies 晴朗的天空
句子大意:
“Heidi喜歡上了老祖母(Heidi became very fond of the old grandmother),
那個冬天(that winter)
在天氣晴朗的時候(when the weather was fair)
她每天都會去拜訪她(she visited her/ every day)”。
- 2. She also said/ that thanks/ to the uncle’s kindness, she slept better/ that winter/ than she had done/ for many a year.
many a 一個又一個、許多的
This ship must have spent many a year on the ocean floor.
船已經在海底裡度過了好些年了。
句子大意:
“她也說多虧了(She also said that thanks/ to)
爺爺的好意(the uncle’s kindness),
那個冬天(that winter)
她睡的比許多年(冬天)睡的(than she had done/ for many a year)
都更好(she slept better)”。
- 3. She was nearly eight years old, and/ had learned to take care of the goats, who ran after her/ like little dogs.
ran after “追趕、追蹤”
句子大意:
“她快8歲了(She was nearly eight years old),
已經學會了照顧這些(had learned to take care of)
像小狗一樣追趕她(who ran after her/ like little dogs)的山羊們”。
- 4. Several times/ the village teacher had sent word / by Peter/ that the child was wanted/ in school.
time 名詞 n.
- time——》“時間”
It was time to go.
是時候該走了。- time——》“次數”
That is the second time you have made the mistakes.
這是你第二次犯錯了。
send word 轉告、通知
Please send word to me when you are arrival.
當你到達的時候請通知我一下。
句子大意:
“山村教師已經好幾次(Several times/ the village teacher)
通過Peter轉告(had sent word / by Peter)
說這個孩子(Heidi)被期盼著去上學(the child was wanted/ in school)”
- 5. But the old man had not paid any attention to the message.
pay attention to sb/sth 注意、重視
I have to pay attention to my homework.
我必須重視我的作業。
句子大意:
“但是這個老人(But the old man)
沒有重視這條訊息(had not paid any attention to the message)”。
- 6. Heidi was running/ to and fro/ before the door, when she suddenly saw an old gentleman, dressed in black, standing/ beside her.
句子大意:
“Heidi在門前(before the door)來回地跑動(running/ to and fro),
那時她突然看到(when she suddenly saw)那位穿著黑色衣服的,
站在她身邊的(dressed in black, standing/ beside her)一位年老的紳士(an old gentleman)”。
- 7. As she appeared frightened, he said kindly, “You must not be afraid of me, for I love children.
be afraid of 害怕
There is nothing to be afraid of.
沒有什麼好害怕的。
句子大意:
“當她看起來很害怕時(As she appeared frightened),
他溫和地說(he said kindly)
‘你不用怕我(You must not be afraid of me),
因為我喜歡孩子(for I love children)’”。
- 8. The old gentleman was in charge of the church in the village.
in charge of 主管、掌管
She is in charge of the school work.
她負責學校工作。
句子大意:“這個老紳士(The old gentleman)
負責管理村裡的這個教堂(in charge of the church in the village)”。
- 9. Heidi disappeared/ on the spot. “The child should have come to school/ a year ago” the gentleman went on to say.
go on to do sth (做完一件事)接下來繼續做(另一件事)
She finished her homework and went on to watch television.
她完成家庭作業後,然後又繼續去看電視。
句子大意:
“Heidi立刻離開了(Heidi disappeared/ on the spot),
紳士繼續說(the gentleman went on to say)“
這孩子早在一年前就應該上學了(The child should have come to school/ a year ago)”。
- 10. “Didn’t you get the teacher’s warning? What do you intend to do with the child?”
intend to do sth 打算、計劃某事
She intends to find a job after graduation.
她打算畢業後去找工作。
句子大意:
“你沒有收到老師的提醒嗎(Didn’t you get the teacher’s warning)?
你對這個孩子有什麼打算呢(What do you intend to do with the child)?”
- 11. “But she is human, and it’s high time for her to learn something. I have come/ now/ to tell you about it, so that/ you can make your plans”.
so that 為了、以便
But I gave you a map so that you wouldn’t get lost!
但我怕你迷路就給了你一張地圖!
句子大意:
“但是她是人啊(But she is human),
她是時候去學點東西了(it’s high time for her to learn something)。
現在我來這告訴你這件事(I have come/ now/ to tell you about it)
是為了你能做好你的打算(so that/ you can make your plans)”。
- 12. “I couldn’t live in the village, for the people there and I hate each other; we had better keep apart.”
had better (告訴別人應該做的事)應該
We had better go before it rains.
我們最好在下雨前就去。
句子大意:
“我不會生活在村裡(I couldn’t live in the village),
因為我和那裡的人相互憎恨(for the people there and I hate each other),
我們最好分開(生活)(we had better keep apart)”。
- 14.We shall receive you gladly, when you make peace with God and man.”
make peace with sb 與人和解、言歸於好
She was trying to make peace with her next-door neighbors.
她試圖與隔壁鄰居講和。
句子大意:
“當你與上帝、與人和解的時候(when you make peace with God and man),
我們都會欣然接受你(We shall receive you gladly)”。
- 15. But the uncle replied firmly: “Thank you/ for your kindness, but you will have to wait/ in vain.”
in vain 枉費心機、白費力氣
All my efforts were in vain.
我的所有努力都付諸東流了。
句子大意:
“但是大叔堅決地回答道(But the uncle replied firmly):
謝謝你的好意(Thank you/ for your kindness),
但是你將會徒勞地等待(but you will have to wait in vain)”
- 16. The grandfather was/ out of humor/ that day, and when Heidi begged to go to see the grandmother, he only said/ in a low voice: “Not today.”
out of humor 悶悶不樂、情緒不好
- out of——》“缺乏、沒有”
- humor——》“心情、情緒”
- out of humor——》“沒有心情”——》“悶悶不樂、情緒不好”。
He was out of humor because the heavy rain prevented him going outside.
因為下大雨,他出去不了,所以悶悶不樂的。
句子大意:
“爺爺那天情緒不好(out of humor),
當Heidi請求去(when Heidi begged to)
看望奶奶的時候(go to see the grandmother),
他只是低聲回答了一句(he only said/ in a low voice):
‘今天不行(Not today)’”
- 17. It was Heidi’s aunt Deta; she wore a hat/ with feathers and a dress/ with such a long train/ that swept up the floor.
train 名詞 n.
- train——》“火車”
I like traveling by train.
我喜歡坐火車旅行。
Many girls like wearing a dress with a long train in their wedding.
許多女生都喜歡在她們的婚禮上,穿帶有很長裙襬的禮服。
句子大意:
“是Heidi的阿姨Deta(It was Heidi’s aunt Deta),
她帶了一頂有羽毛的帽子(she wore a hat/ with feathers),
穿了一條裙襬都可以掃地的裙子(a dress/ with such a long train / that swept up the floor)”。
- 18. She told him/ that she had tried to provide for the child/ elsewhere, and at last/ she had found a splendid chance/ for her/ in Frankfurt.
provide for sb 贍養、提供生計
When we grow up, we should learn to provide for our parents.
我們長大了,應該學會贍養父母。
句子大意:
“(Deta)她告訴他(Heidi的爺爺)(She told him),
她決定在別的地方供養Heidi(she had tried to provide for the child/ elsewhere),
終於(at last)
她在Frankfurt為她找到了一個極好的機會(she had found a splendid chance/ for her/ in Frankfurt)”。
- 19. A rich relative of the lady, whom/ Deta had worked/ for, had a lame daughter.
句子大意:
“Deta為那個女士打工(whom/ Deta had worked/ for),
女士的一個有錢親戚(A rich relative of the lady)
有一個跛足的女兒(had a lame daughter)”。
- 20. Deta had heard from her lady/ that a sweet child was wanted/ as playmate and schoolmate/ for the disabled girl.
hear from sb 從某人那聽到
句子大意:
“Deta從那位女士那聽到(Deta had heard from her lady),
想要一個貼心的孩子(a sweet child was wanted)
作為殘疾女孩的玩伴和陪讀(as playmate and schoolmate/ for the disabled girl)”。
- 21. The lady, delighted with the idea, had told her to fetch the child/ at once.
be delighted with sth 對…感到滿意
My parents were delighted with the scores that I’ve got in the examination.
我考試成績很好,對此,我父母都很高興。
句子大意:
“這位女士(The lady)對這個(Deta提出的)想法很滿意(delighted with the idea),
告訴Deta立馬(at once)去接來這個小孩(had told her to fetch the child)”。
- 22. Deta said, “Because one never knew/ what might happen/ in such a case, and who could tell—”
case 名詞 n.
- case——》“箱子”
beauty case
化妝箱- case——》“情況”
I will try my best to help you in that case.
如果是那樣的話,我會盡可能地幫你。
句子大意:
“Deta說:“因為(Because)在這種情況下(in such a case),
沒人知道可能會發生什麼(one never knew/ what might happen),
也沒人知道誰能告訴(who could tell)——”
- 23. Deta, flaming up, replied: “Do you want to hear/ what I think? Don’t I know/ how old she is?
句子大意:
“Deta怒氣大發(Deta, flaming up),
回答說(replied):
‘你想知道我怎麼想的嗎(Do you want to hear/ what I think)?
難道我不知道她(Heidi)多大了嗎(Don’t I know/ how old she is)?’”。
- 24. Eight years old/ and ignorant of everything.
be ignorant of sth 不懂…
We have been still ignorant of the causes of some diseases up to now.
直至目前,我們對某些疾病的病因還一無所知。
句子大意:
“(Heidi都已經)8歲了(Eight years old),
對一切事情都無知(ignorant of everything)”
- 25. You had better give way/ or I shall get the people/ to back me.”
give way 讓步、屈服
The soldiers were fighting boldly in order not to give way to the enemies.
為了不向敵方屈服,戰士們英勇奮戰。
or 連詞 adj.
- or——》“或者”
Tea or coffee? 喝茶還是咖啡?- or——》“否則、要不然”
Hurry up! Or you will be late for the class.
快點兒!不然要遲到啦。
back 副詞 adv. / 動詞 v.
- back——》副詞,“向後”
back and forth
來回地、來來回回- back——》動詞,“支援、援助”。
I will always back you.
我會一直支援你的。
句子大意:
“你最好讓步吧(You had better give way)。
不然(or)我會讓大家都支援我的(I shall get the people/ to back me)”
- 26. “Be quiet!” the uncle thundered/ with flaming eyes.
thunder 名詞 n. / 動詞 v.
- thunder——》名詞,“雷電”
The thunder crashed. 雷聲轟隆隆。- thunder——》動詞,“怒喝”。
Some people thundered at the government’s policy.
一些人憤怒譴責這個政府出臺的政策。
句子大意:
“‘住口(Be quiet)’大叔怒喝到(the uncle thundered),
眼睛裡冒出怒火(with flaming eyes)”
- 27. Take her and ruin her, but do not bring her/ before my sight again.
before one’s sight 出現在某人面前
Don’t appear before my sight again!
別再出現在我面前。
句子大意:
“帶她走,毀掉她吧(Take her and ruin her),
再也別帶她(do not bring her)出現在我面前了(before my sight again)”
參考資料
1.http://animal-council.blogspot.com/2014/02/why-do-eagles-scream.html?m=1
四、今日短語
五、今日彩蛋
1、 良心劇單
1)入門級
- 《摩登家庭》
- 《老爸老媽浪漫史》
- 《老友記》
2)進階級
- 《美少女的謊言》
- 《我們這一天》
3)殿堂級
- 《紙牌屋》
- 《權力的遊戲》
- 《傲骨賢妻》
- 《國土安全》