1. 程式人生 > >Oracle之SQL優化專題02-穩固SQL執行計劃的方法

Oracle之SQL優化專題02-穩固SQL執行計劃的方法

首先構建一個簡單的測試用例來實際演示:

create table emp as select * from scott.emp;
create table dept as select * from scott.dept;
create index idx_emp_empno on emp(empno);
create index idx_dept_deptno on dept(deptno);

測試過程中檢視真實執行計劃的方法:

set lines 1000 pages 1000
alter session set statistics_level = ALL;
Execute SQL;
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));

正常的SQL執行,執行計劃會走相應的索引:

--good SQL: 39dv3d8jkzyuw
select a.empno, a.ename, b.dname, a.job, a.sal from emp a, dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno and empno = 7788;

--good xplan: 1725450077
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID  39dv3d8jkzyuw, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select a.empno, a.ename, b.dname, a.job, a.sal from emp a, dept b where
a.deptno = b.deptno and empno = 7788

Plan hash value: 1725450077

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                     | Name            | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers | Reads  |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT              |                 |      1 |        |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       6 |      2 |
|   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                 |                 |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       6 |      2 |
|   2 |   NESTED LOOPS                |                 |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       5 |      2 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP             |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       3 |      1 |
|*  4 |     INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX_EMP_EMPNO   |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       2 |      1 |
|*  5 |    INDEX RANGE SCAN           | IDX_DEPT_DEPTNO |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       2 |      1 |
|   6 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | DEPT            |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |      0 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   4 - access("EMPNO"=7788)
   5 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

糟糕的SQL執行,執行計劃走全表掃描(這裡實驗直接利用使用hint強制不走索引來模擬這種情況):

--bad SQL: dqd10y7wqrg7f
select /*+ no_index(a idx_emp_empno) no_index(b idx_dept_deptno)*/a.empno, a.ename, b.dname, a.job, a.sal from emp a, dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno and empno = 7788;

--bad xplan: 1123238657
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID  dqd10y7wqrg7f, child number 1
-------------------------------------
select /*+ no_index(a idx_emp_empno) no_index(b
idx_dept_deptno)*/a.empno, a.ename, b.dname, a.job, a.sal from emp a,
dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno and empno = 7788

Plan hash value: 1123238657

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |  OMem |  1Mem | Used-Mem |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |      1 |        |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       5 |       |       |          |
|*  1 |  HASH JOIN         |      |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       5 |  1214K|  1214K|  377K (0)|
|*  2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP  |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       2 |       |       |          |
|   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT |      1 |      4 |      4 |00:00:00.01 |       3 |       |       |          |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")
   2 - filter("EMPNO"=7788)

假設此時這些糟糕的SQL就是業務實際的SQL,且對應開發人員無法更改SQL文字(這裡就是指無法去掉不走索引的hint),那麼現在如何能將這些糟糕的SQL繫結成走索引的執行計劃呢?
糟糕的SQL清單:

select /*+ no_index(a idx_emp_empno) no_index(b idx_dept_deptno)*/a.empno, a.ename, b.dname, a.job, a.sal from emp a, dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno and empno = 7788;

select /*+ no_index(a idx_emp_empno) no_index(b idx_dept_deptno)*/a.empno, a.ename, b.dname, a.job, a.sal from emp a, dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno and empno = 7900;

如何讓其走索引?目前Oracle常見的2種穩固執行計劃的方式:

1.SQL Profile穩固執行計劃

適用於Oracle 10g及以上版本。
利用MOS文件215187.1提供的系列指令碼中的coe_xfr_sql_profile.sql來穩固執行計劃,只需要輸入要調整SQL的SQL_ID和好的執行計劃的plan_hash_value即可,指令碼內容可參考:

在本次演示實驗中,就是將sql_id='dqd10y7wqrg7f'的SQL繫結好的plan_hash_value=1725450077,具體使用過程如下:

SQL> @coe_xfr_sql_profile.sql

Parameter 1:
SQL_ID (required)

Enter value for 1: dqd10y7wqrg7f


PLAN_HASH_VALUE AVG_ET_SECS
--------------- -----------
     1123238657        .095

Parameter 2:
PLAN_HASH_VALUE (required)

Enter value for 2: 1725450077

Values passed to coe_xfr_sql_profile:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL_ID         : "dqd10y7wqrg7f"
PLAN_HASH_VALUE: "1725450077"
...
Execute coe_xfr_sql_profile_dqd10y7wqrg7f_1725450077.sql
on TARGET system in order to create a custom SQL Profile
with plan 1725450077 linked to adjusted sql_text.


COE_XFR_SQL_PROFILE completed.

然後按照提示執行生成的coe_xfr_sql_profile_dqd10y7wqrg7f_1725450077.sql指令碼即可;
需要特別注意的是:可以根據實際情況是否需要修改這個指令碼中的force_match的值為true。
本次的例子,就是沒有使用到繫結變數,而需求是不僅讓empno = 7788的條件走索引,還要讓其他輸入值,比如empno = 7900也同樣走索引,那就需要修改這個force_match的值為true。穩固執行計劃的效果如下:

SQL> select /*+ no_index(a idx_emp_empno) no_index(b idx_dept_deptno)*/a.empno, a.ename, b.dname, a.job, a.sal from emp a, dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno and empno = 7788;

     EMPNO ENAME      DNAME          JOB              SAL
---------- ---------- -------------- --------- ----------
      7788 SCOTT      RESEARCH       ANALYST         3000

SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID  dqd10y7wqrg7f, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+ no_index(a idx_emp_empno) no_index(b
idx_dept_deptno)*/a.empno, a.ename, b.dname, a.job, a.sal from emp a,
dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno and empno = 7788

Plan hash value: 1725450077

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                     | Name            | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT              |                 |      1 |        |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       6 |
|   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                 |                 |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       6 |
|   2 |   NESTED LOOPS                |                 |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       5 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP             |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       3 |
|*  4 |     INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX_EMP_EMPNO   |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       2 |
|*  5 |    INDEX RANGE SCAN           | IDX_DEPT_DEPTNO |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       2 |
|   6 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | DEPT            |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   4 - access("EMPNO"=7788)
   5 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

Note
-----
   - SQL profile coe_dqd10y7wqrg7f_1725450077 used for this statement

常用操作:
1)查詢sql_profile
可以通過查詢dba_sql_profiles來確認資料庫中的sql_profile:

select * from dba_sql_profiles;

2)刪除sql_profile
如果有一天不再需要這個sql_profile來穩固執行計劃,可以這樣刪除sql_profile:
exec dbms_sqltune.drop_sql_profile('name');

exec dbms_sqltune.drop_sql_profile('coe_dqd10y7wqrg7f_1725450077');

3)清除SQL執行計劃
還可以清除共享池中指定SQL的執行計劃:
exec sys.dbms_shared_pool.purge('address,hash_value','c');

SQL> select sql_id, address, hash_value, plan_hash_value, sql_profile from v$sql where sql_id = 'dqd10y7wqrg7f';

SQL_ID        ADDRESS          HASH_VALUE PLAN_HASH_VALUE SQL_PROFILE
------------- ---------------- ---------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
dqd10y7wqrg7f 0000000076B909F8 4184587502      1123238657
dqd10y7wqrg7f 0000000076B909F8 4184587502      1123238657
dqd10y7wqrg7f 0000000076B909F8 4184587502      1725450077 coe_dqd10y7wqrg7f_1725450077

SQL> exec sys.dbms_shared_pool.purge('0000000076B909F8,4184587502','c');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select sql_id, address, hash_value, plan_hash_value, sql_profile from v$sql where sql_id = 'dqd10y7wqrg7f';

no rows selected

2.SPM穩固執行計劃

適用於Oracle 11g及以上版本。
刪除掉之前的sql_profile,嘗試使用SPM來穩固執行計劃,實際上,手工生成sql_plan_baseline的方式要更加靈活,但我實際用的比較少。
檢視sql_plan_baselines:

select * from dba_sql_plan_baselines;
select sql_handle, plan_name, origin, enabled, accepted, fixed from dba_sql_plan_baselines;

SPM穩固執行計劃方法:

var temp number
--1.bad: sql_id & plan_hash_value
exec :temp := dbms_spm.load_plans_from_cursor_cache(sql_id => '', plan_hash_value => );
--2.good: sql_id & plan_hash_value & sql_handle
exec :temp := dbms_spm.load_plans_from_cursor_cache(sql_id => '', plan_hash_value => , sql_handle => );
--3.drop bad plan_name
exec :temp := dbms_spm.drop_sql_plan_baseline(sql_handle => '', plan_name => '');

用上面的例子具體說明:

--1.bad: sql_id & plan_hash_value
SQL> var temp number
SQL> exec :temp := dbms_spm.load_plans_from_cursor_cache(sql_id => 'dqd10y7wqrg7f', plan_hash_value => 1123238657);
SQL>  select sql_handle, plan_name, origin, enabled, accepted, fixed from dba_sql_plan_baselines;

SQL_HANDLE                     PLAN_NAME                      ORIGIN         ENA ACC FIX
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------- --- --- ---
SQL_9c3626a309e5e8bd           SQL_PLAN_9sdj6nc4ybu5x96fd8705 MANUAL-LOAD    YES YES NO

--2.good: sql_id & plan_hash_value & sql_handle(上面查到的)
SQL> exec :temp := dbms_spm.load_plans_from_cursor_cache(sql_id => '39dv3d8jkzyuw', plan_hash_value =>1725450077, sql_handle => 'SQL_9c3626a309e5e8bd');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>  select sql_handle, plan_name, origin, enabled, accepted, fixed from dba_sql_plan_baselines;

SQL_HANDLE                     PLAN_NAME                      ORIGIN         ENA ACC FIX
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------- --- --- ---
SQL_9c3626a309e5e8bd           SQL_PLAN_9sdj6nc4ybu5x2b78d17a MANUAL-LOAD    YES YES NO
SQL_9c3626a309e5e8bd           SQL_PLAN_9sdj6nc4ybu5x96fd8705 MANUAL-LOAD    YES YES NO

--3.drop bad plan_name
SQL> exec :temp := dbms_spm.drop_sql_plan_baseline(sql_handle => 'SQL_9c3626a309e5e8bd', plan_name => 'SQL_PLAN_9sdj6nc4ybu5x96fd8705');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select sql_handle, plan_name, origin, enabled, accepted, fixed from dba_sql_plan_baselines;

SQL_HANDLE                     PLAN_NAME                      ORIGIN         ENA ACC FIX
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------- --- --- ---
SQL_9c3626a309e5e8bd           SQL_PLAN_9sdj6nc4ybu5x2b78d17a MANUAL-LOAD    YES YES NO

驗證穩固執行計劃的效果:

SQL> select /*+ no_index(a idx_emp_empno) no_index(b idx_dept_deptno)*/a.empno, a.ename, b.dname, a.job, a.sal from emp a, dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno and empno = 7788;

     EMPNO ENAME      DNAME          JOB              SAL
---------- ---------- -------------- --------- ----------
      7788 SCOTT      RESEARCH       ANALYST         3000

SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID  dqd10y7wqrg7f, child number 1
-------------------------------------
select /*+ no_index(a idx_emp_empno) no_index(b
idx_dept_deptno)*/a.empno, a.ename, b.dname, a.job, a.sal from emp a,
dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno and empno = 7788

Plan hash value: 1725450077

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                     | Name            | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT              |                 |      1 |        |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       6 |
|   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                 |                 |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       6 |
|   2 |   NESTED LOOPS                |                 |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       5 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP             |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       3 |
|*  4 |     INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX_EMP_EMPNO   |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       2 |
|*  5 |    INDEX RANGE SCAN           | IDX_DEPT_DEPTNO |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       2 |
|   6 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | DEPT            |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   4 - access("EMPNO"=7788)
   5 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

Note
-----
   - SQL plan baseline SQL_PLAN_9sdj6nc4ybu5x2b78d17a used for this statement

可以看到SPM已經起作用了。但如果謂詞條件換成7900,就會不起作用。我沒有找到SPM中類似像sql_profile中force_match的引數,日常工作中也是使用sql_profile穩固執行計劃多一些。
另外注意dba_sql_plan_baselines中記錄的執行計劃對應的ACCEPTED和ENABLE的值都為YES,才可能會被SQL使用。
常用操作:
select sql_handle, plan_name, origin, enabled, accepted, fixed from dba_sql_plan_baselines;
1)將ENABLE的值設為"YES" or "NO"

var temp number
exec :temp := dbms_spm.alter_sql_plan_baseline(sql_handle => 'SQL_9c3626a309e5e8bd', plan_name => 'SQL_PLAN_9sdj6nc4ybu5x96fd8705', attribute_name => 'ENABLED', attribute_value => 'YES');

var temp number
exec :temp := dbms_spm.alter_sql_plan_baseline(sql_handle => 'SQL_9c3626a309e5e8bd', plan_name => 'SQL_PLAN_9sdj6nc4ybu5x96fd8705', attribute_name => 'ENABLED', attribute_value => 'NO');

2)將ACCEPTED值設為"YES"

var temp clob
exec :temp := dbms_spm.evolve_sql_plan_baseline(sql_handle => 'SQL_9c3626a309e5e8bd', plan_name => 'SQL_PLAN_9sdj6nc4ybu5x96fd8705', verify => 'NO', commit => 'YES');

注:我這裡測試(在11.2.0.4環境下)發現ACCEPTED值設為"YES"後,無法再設定成"NO",而ENABLED的值可以自由設定為"YES" or "NO"。